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$156.33. [15], In 2021, Irmgard Furchner a German former concentration camp secretary and stenographer at Stutthof, where she worked for camp commandant Paul-Werner Hoppe,[16] was charged with 11,412 counts of accessory to murder and 18 additional counts of accessory to attempted murder,[17][18][19] On December 20, 2022 she was found guilty and sentenced to a suspended jail term of two years. The execution of guards of the Stutthof concentration camp on July 4th 1946. Arraigned 24 ex-officials and guards of the Stutthof concentration camp were judged and found guilty. In November 1941, it became a "labor education" camp, administered by the German Security Police. In June 2022, a 101-year-old former guard at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp (north of Berlin) was sentenced to five years in prison. Conditions in the camp were brutal. A former SS guard wept in the dock on the first day of his trial for complicity in mass murder at a Nazi concentration camp during the second world war . Any woman, even without work experience, could become a concentration camp guard. "You did not seek a way out," the judge said. Although young, he remembers becoming part of an indispensable group of 300 prisoners who spent a year repairing railway tracks at junctions blown up by Allied forces. He remembers searching for his mother, who had been in the women's camp at Stutthof, when he came across his friend Zigi. In December, a 97-year-old former Nazi camp secretary was found guilty of being complicit in the murder of over 10,000 people at the Stutthof concentration camp that was located in occupied Poland. 'Gorilla Glue Girl' Tessica Brown is offered a wig by Beyonce's stylist after hair disaster gets EVEN worse. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Germany: Ex-Nazi camp guard dies, ending case against him. Headsman, you ought to investigate this nutter above who is issuing death threats on your site. "Our group was marched out of Stutthof on 26 April. Washington, DC 20024-2126 It is also the last camp liberated by the Allies (May 10th 1945). Dey was sentenced to two years in prison. Main telephone: 202.488.0400 Stutthof was a concentration camp in an isolated, marshy, and forested region near the village of Stutthof east of Danzig. [37] On 23 July 2020, he was given a two-year suspended sentence by the court in Hamburg. SVIZZERA-LOTTO www. Most of the original detainees were local Poles and Jews when Stutthof was. The womans face became swollen and blue.. Read about our approach to external linking. American survivor Asia Shindelman, who testified via video link, said she had been taken there with her parents, uncle and grandmother and witnessed prisoners being thrown by guards into electrified fences. Yolanda Saldvar, The Obsessed Fan Who Murdered Se, 5 Of The Most Infamous Cults in US History, History and Culture of the Blackfeet Nation, Did Pharaoh Akhenaten lay the foundation for Abrah. Gassing with Zyklon B gas began in June 1944. Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/theuntoldpastFollow me on Instagram: www.instagram.com/theuntoldpastDisclaimer: All opinions and comment stated below in the Comments section do not represent the opinion of TheUntoldPast. When the final evacuation began, there were nearly 50,000 prisoners, the majority of them Jews, in the Stutthof camp system. [7], Soviet forces liberated Stutthof on 9 May 1945, rescuing about 100 prisoners who had managed to hide.[7]. Stutthof was the first concentration camp the Nazis ever built outside of Germany's borders. . Wegerer told the trial that in 1941, a lampshade made of tanned, tattooed human skin was being prepared for Koch and that she arrived at the infirmary to choose among the available tanned, parchment-thin human skins, the ones with suitable tattoos, for the lampshade.. In 1962, the former concentration camp with its remaining structures, was turned into a memorial museum. Read more:Poland moves to make it illegal to say 'Polish death camps'. Known, chillingly, as the woman with the dogs, Juana Bormann used trained dogs in sadistic attacks on inmates at Ravensbruck and later Auschwitz, where she served under Irma Grese. During the Holocaust, the Aufseherinnen were the female guards in the concentration camps. As Soviet forces closed in on Stutthof in late April 1945, the Nazis decided to abandon the camp and sent the remaining inmates on a death march. The Best Medical History Books Everyone Should Rea, The Lovers of Valdaro A Double Burial From Neolithic Italy. The selection process for these guards was lax. [15] It is believed that inmates sent for immediate execution were not registered. Stutthof female SS guards trial.jpg 1,209 799; 294 KB Wanda Klaff (cropped).jpg 232 345; 39 KB Categories: Executions of individuals consequent to Nazism Female guards in Nazi concentration camps Stutthof concentration camp Gallows in Poland Biskupia Grka Gdask in the 1940s 1946-07-04 Public execution Non-topical/index: Last modified on Tue 6 Nov 2018 18.34 EST. The event drew an immense crowd of approximately 200,000 people, and due to humanitarian concerns, authorities refrained from organizing further public executions. [13] Other sources say that the camp staff shot most remaining inmates in a mass murder. Austrian Maria Mandl was one of the most notorious SS officers at Auschwitz, where she personally sent over 500,000 female prisoners to the gas chamber. Herta Bothe was a Nazi concentration camp guard at Ravensbrck-stutthof and Bergen-Belsen. Sign up here. [3] The inmate population rose to 6,000 in the following two weeks, on 15 September 1939. [2], Nine SS men and the Kapo Nikolaysen were executed on October 28, 1948:[4], The third trial was held from November 5, 1947, to November 10, 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. She was recorded to have been 6ft 3 and known as the "Sadist of Stutthof" due to her merciless beatings of female prisoners. View the list of all donors. [14] In July 2020, he was convicted of 5,232 counts of accessory to murder by the Hamburg state court, and was also convicted of one count of accessory to attempted murder. Theres more about Stutthofs history at the Holocaust Research Project, and at the current memorial facilitys home page. [19][28] It was also added that Spanner was arrested twice after the war but released after each time after explaining how he had conducted the maceration and injection process of his models and was declared "clean" by the denazification program in 1948, officially exonerated, and resumed his academic career. Inside the Third Reichs concentration camps were scores of evil guards capable of committing horrible and sadistic acts. The first trial was held from 25 April to 31 May 1946, against 30 ex-officials and prisoner-guards of the camp. Like many of his fellow inmates, the man would be murdered and stripped of his skin - which would be used to make a lampshade in Kochs home. [7], In 1942 the first German female SS Aufseherinnen guards arrived at Stutthof along with female prisoners. Berlin CNN A 96-year-old man accused of being an SS guard at the Stutthof camp in Nazi-occupied Poland has been deemed "unfit to stand trial." The man, named only as "Harry S.," is. Eleven defendants including the former commander, Johann Pauls, were sentenced to death. That same summer, Irmgard Furchner had begun working in the camp commander's headquarters as a shorthand typist. UN negotiating final terms of High Seas Treaty, Tunisia labor union protests President Saied. Shortly before the German surrender, some prisoners were transferred to Malmo, Sweden, and released to the care of that neutral country. The second trial was held from October 8, 1947, to October 31, 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. From left to right: Jenny-Wanda Barkmann, Ewa Paradies, Elisabeth Becker, Wanda Klaff, and Gerda Steinhoff. She died in 1989. Finally, in January 1942, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp. A practice was established to tattoo the inmates with identification numbers. Former Stutthof SS guard Bruno Dey, now 93, is standing trial in Germany, charged as an accessory to the murder of 5,230 Jews from 1944 to 1945. . It was turned into a concentration camp by its second commandant, SS-Hauptsturmfhrer Josef Kramer, and was used to house those prisoners who had become too weak to work as forced labour in German factories. SS-Aufseherin Jenny Wanda Barkmann - death by hanging 3. Another prisoner said Bormann grabbed another female prisoner by the hair, threw her to the ground and ordered dogs to bite her so severely that she was a mass of blood. The woman died at the scene. [17][3] Prisoners were also drowned in mud or clubbed to death. Stutthof was the first Nazi concentration camp to be established on Polish soil, and the last to be dissolved, it grew from 4 to 120 hectares, from 250 prisoners to a maximum of 52,000 prisoners at one time, the SS staff and guards numbered 1,056 on 1 January 1945. The initiative for the foundation of SS companies dealing in building materials from concentration camps originated in 1937 with regional SS officials in Thuringia, especially the state's Interior Minister Hellmuth Gommlich []. You excuses for human beings are no better than you accuse the National Socialists of being. She called. [2] Pauly was tried by the British for war crimes with thirteen others in the Curio Haus in Hamburg which was located in the British occupied sector of Germany. German abortion clinics targeted by US-style protests, Belgian court paves way for Iran prisoner swap treaty, Palestinians in occupied West Bank live with uncertainty, Thousands of migrants have died in South Texas, Nazi guard testifies about Stutthof concentration camp, Poland moves to make it illegal to say 'Polish death camps', Germany's Nazi past still haunts the country today. She is believed to have spent her childhood in Hamburg, Germany. It was approximately 36 km east of the city of Gdansk, where the Visla river flows into the Baltic Sea. At the subsequent trial, liberated prisoners said Grese - dubbed the Beautiful Beast - tortured prisoners both physically and emotionally and enjoyed shooting prisoners in cold blood. On this date in 1946, officials of Soviet-occupied Poland publicly hanged eleven convicted war criminals of the Stutthof concentration camp. Karl Koch was hanged in 1944, for embezzling millions from wealthy Germans and, in 1950, Ilse was jailed for life in Germany, for war crimes. Stutthof was a Nazi concentration camp established by Nazi Germany in a secluded, marshy, and wooded area near the village of Stutthof (now Sztutowo) 34 km (21 mi) east of the city of Danzig in the territory of the German-annexed Free City of Danzig.The camp was set up around existing structures after the invasion of Poland in World War II and initially used for the imprisonment of Polish . 1. Loved seeing the nazi scum hanging,i hope they suffered a long agonising death. [1], The original camp (known as the old camp) was surrounded by the barbed-wire fence. Stutthof Concentration Camp. The former nurse took a four-week training course and was sent as an overseer to the Stutthof camp near Danzig.. By the end of the war at least 110,000 were deported there, including Jewish detainees and Soviet prisoners of war. "We were beaten constantly, the whole time, even while working," Koryski told the Hamburg District Court. Quiz: How well do you know US presidents? [12], The first 150 inmates, imprisoned on 2 September 1939, were selected among Poles and Jews arrested in Danzig immediately after the outbreak of war. Naukowiec w III Rzeszy [Professor Rudolf Spanner 1895-1960: A Scientist in the Third Reich], Piotr Semkw", Soap from Human Fat: The Case of Professor Spanner, "The Danzig Soap Case: Facts and Legends around "Professor Spanner" and the Danzig Anatomic Institute 1944-1945", "Zakoczono ledztwo w gonej "sprawie profesora Spannera", "Human Fat Was Used to Produce Soap in Gdansk during the War", "Stutthof (Sztutowo): Full Listing of Camps, Poland", "Holocaust trial: Germany tries former SS guard at Stutthof camp", "Johann Rehbogen: Former SS guard, 94, on trial over deaths at Stutthof concentration camp", "German court stops trial of former death-camp guard", "German court: Trial of Nazi guard unlikely to be restarted", "Former Nazi camp guard to go on trial in Hamburg", "Nazi concentration camp guard convicted over 5,232 murders", "96-Year-Old Former Nazi Death Camp Secretary Goes on Trial Over Murders of 11,000 People - October 20, 2021", "German Court to Try 96-Year-Old Over Time at Nazi Concentration Camp", "German Court Convicts 97-Year-Old Ex-Secretary At Nazi Camp - December 20, 2022", "Poland asked to explain naked Nazi gas chamber video", "Outrage Over Naked Game of Tag Played in Nazi Gas Chamber", "Outrage Over Museum's Video-Art Display of a Nude Game of Tag in Gas Chamber", Stutthof National Museum. About 3,700 out of the 55,000 guards in the camps were women. Further in the background is the guard SS-Oberscharfhrer Johann Pauls and several Polish kapos. Over 65,000 prisoners perished, many of who were Polish Intelligentsia, former politicians, and resistance leaders, as well as 28,000 Jews. The SS in Stutthof began conscripting women from Danzig and the surrounding cities in June 1944, to train as camp guards because of their severe shortage after the women's subcamp of Stutthof called Bromberg-Ost (Konzentrationslager Bromberg-Ost) was set up in the city of Bydgoszcz. [33] Being tried at the age of 94, court proceedings were limited to no more than two hours per day and two non-consecutive days per week. She earned a horrific legacy and nickname despite only working for a year. This week, a 95-year-old woman was arrested in Germany and charged with complicity in the murders of 10,000 people - the first such case in recent years. Shortly before the German surrender, some prisoners were transferred to Malm, Sweden, and released into the care of that neutral country. Survivors testified that she seemed to derive sexual pleasure from her sadistic acts. In 1944, as forced labor by concentration camp prisoners became increasingly important in armaments production, a Focke-Wulff airplane factory was constructed at Stutthof. [3], A range of German organisations and individuals used Stutthof prisoners as forced laborers. At Ravensbruck and Majdanek, Braunsteiner whipped women to death and was said to have thrown children by their hair onto trucks that took them to their deaths in gas chambers. A much higher total was reported by Colonel Howard A. Buechner, the chief medical officer of the 45th Infantry Division, who was at the camp during and after the liberation. More than 60,000 people died in the camp. 2023.02.28. Ten were sentenced to death. In 1943, the camp was enlarged and a new camp was constructed alongside the earlier one. [1] 4,000 prisoners, including Jewish women and children, were killed in a gas chamber before the evacuation of the camp. Read about our approach to external linking. Frankly, a nice sight. The trial is set to begin in October. Twenty-seven ex-officials and guards were arraigned and judged; 26 were found guilty, and one was acquitted. Thousands were taken to the Baltic Sea where they were executed, and many more were killed by the brutal SS guards and officers. Buffalo shooting - 'Gunman' Gregory Ulrich 'held grudge against docs for refusing him painkillers' before killing nurse. The former secretary, who lives in a care home and is unnamed, had worked at the Stutthof camp near Danzig, in Nazi-occupied Poland. The Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court found all of them guilty of the charges. Due to the stark contrast between her physical attractiveness and her barbaric behavior, the prisoners dubbed her the Beautiful Spectre.. She kicked the prisoners and literally walked over people. [3], The camp was established in connection with the ethnic cleansing project that included the liquidation of Polish elites (members of the intelligentsia, religious and political leaders) in the Danzig area and Western Prussia.[1]. What's the least amount of exercise we can get away with? I PROMISE. National Socialism was RIGHT and we will return and we will remember things like this, so lowlife like you had better beware. Among the 55,000 guards at the concentration camps, 10,000 were women and they were trained to be every bit as vicious as their male counterparts. More than 6,000 camp guards and personnel were trained there before being sent out to work at other camps. The commandant of the Stutthof and Neuengamme concentration camps SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was sentenced to death in Germany at about the same time. Koch told the court the shades were goatskin, and prosecutors at the trial found there was no evidence to prove they were human flesh. [23][22], Polish historians and employees at the IPN; Monika Tomkiewicz and Piotr Semkw, reached similar conclusions. It was in 1943 that Stutthof's population of detainees was dramatically enlarged, from a capacity of 4,000 to 25,000. 13 Amazing Photos of the Construction of the Empir. The rest were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was put on trial by a British military court in Germany but not for the crimes committed at Stutthof; only as the commandant of the Neuengamme concentration camp in Hamburg. "You didn't know if the officers were acting on orders, or if they did it on their breaks," he said. Erected in 1939, it saw two horrific epidemics of typhus kill thousands of its already dying population in 1942 and 1944. The second commandant SS-Sturmbannfhrer Paul-Werner Hoppe (August 1942 - January 1945) was apprehended in 1953 in West Germany and later sentenced to nine years imprisonment. Countless prisoners who were left too weak to work were simply murdered. [12] On February 25, 2019, it was announced that the trial is unlikely to be restarted due to the poor health conditions of the defendant. One witness said: I was working in the kitchen at Birkenau (Auschwitz) when I saw a woman, whose daughter was in an adjoining camp, go to the dividing wire in order to speak to her daughter. Ten were sentenced to death. [2], The first Polish war crimes tribunal was convened at Gdask, Poland, from April 25, 1946 to May 31, 1946. We will rise again and we will destroy ALL of you scum who revel in this disgusting obscene filth. After being tracked down by Nazi hunter Simon Weisenthal, in 1973, she was retried and jailed for life by a Dusseldorf court. The girl was later declared dead by camp doctors. Tragiczny los ydowskich winiarek z Baukomando Weichsel, "Ermittlungen gegen frheren KZ-Wachmann aus Wuppertal", "Holocaust trial: Germany tries former SS guard at Stutthof camp", "German court suspends trial of ex-SS death camp guard", "Prozess gegen frheren SS-Wachmann steht vor dem Aus", "Holocaust trial: Former Stutthof guard on trial in Germany", "Former Concentration Camp Guard Convicted in Germany", "Nazi Stutthof camp secretary flees as German trial starts", "Former Nazi camp secretary goes on trial over murders of 11,000 people", "Itzehoe: Ehemalige KZ-Sekretrin vor Prozessbeginn geflohen", "Imrgard Furchner: Nazi typist guilty of complicity in 10,505 murders", "97-year-old former Nazi secretary sentenced for involvement in more than 10,000 murders", Monografia KL Stutthof (KL Stutthof monograph), Execution of concentration camp guards at Biskupia Gorka, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stutthof_trials&oldid=1135657965, This page was last edited on 26 January 2023, at 01:03. [citation needed] Until 1942, nearly all of the prisoners were Polish. 2023 BBC. In 1943, the camp was enlarged and a new camp was constructed alongside the earlier one. Mobile gas wagons were also used to complement the maximum capacity of the gas chamber (150 people per execution) when needed. Found guilty of war crimes and sentenced to death. When she was 22, Barkmann began actively seeking work in the concentration camps. The death sentences were carried out on July 4, 1946 at the Biskupia Grka in Gdask, by short-drop hanging.[3]. Arrested with Josef Kramer - the Beast of Belsen - Grese was sentenced to death by the British Military Court and, in December 1945, she was hanged. The camp was set up around existing structures after the invasion of Poland in World War II and initially used for the imprisonment of Polish leaders and intelligentsia. The first Nazi war criminal to be extradited from the US, in 1973, Hermine Braunstein was known as the Kobyla - meaning stomping mare - because of her tendency to kick women to death with her steel-capped boots. In total, the sub-camps held 110,000 prisoners from 25 countries according to the Jewish Virtual Library. Even before the war began, the German Selbstschutz in Pomerania created lists of people to be arrested,[3] and the Nazi authorities were secretly reviewing suitable places to set up concentration camps in their area. [7], In late April 1945, the remaining prisoners were removed from Stutthof by sea, since the camp was completely encircled by Soviet forces. In 1945, she was captured by the American forces after attempting to flee to Bavaria. [23][22][29], The main German concentration camp in Stutthof had as many as 40 sub-camps during World War II. He was tried in a juvenile court due to being about 17 at that time. In September 1942, Bothe became the SS Aufseherin camp guard at the Nazi German Ravensbrck concentration camp for women. [citation needed], The camp staff consisted of German SS guards and, after 1943, the Ukrainian auxiliaries brought in by SS-Gruppenfhrer Fritz Katzmann, the Higher SS and Police Leader of the area. [11], Several Norwegian Waffen SS volunteers worked as guards or as instructors for prisoners from Nordic countries, according to senior researcher at the Norwegian Center for Studies of Holocaust and Religious Minorities, Terje Emberland. It has been estimated that over 25,000 prisoners, one in two, died during the evacuation from Stutthof and its subcamps. [19][20][21], Historian Joachim Neander argued that, contrary to some claims made in the previous years, what the Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) calls the "chemical substance which was essentially soap"[22] was the byproduct of Spanner's bone maceration processes done to create anatomical models at the Danzig Anatomical Institute, where he worked and which was not part of the Stutthof camp. "Worst of all were the whips.". All opinions and comments and dialogue should discuss the video above in a historical manner.TheUntoldPast does not accept any racism, profanity, insults, sexism or any negative discussion aimed at an individual. This blog has been around for a while. [4], Stutthof was the first German concentration camp set up outside German borders in World WarII, in operation from 2 September 1939. The Stutthof concentration camp is less well known than the camps at Auschwitz, Buchenwald or Dachau. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was born on May 30, 1922, in Hamburg. In 1943, the Nazis began drafting women because of the shortage of guards. Entry Filed under: 20th Century,Capital Punishment,Concentration Camps,Death Penalty,Execution,Germany,Hanged,History,Mass Executions,Mature Content,Occupation and Colonialism,Poland,Public Executions,Russia,USSR,War Crimes,Women, Tags: 1946, bischofschugel, biskupia gorka, danzig, elisabeth becker, ewa paradies, fascism, franciszek szopinski, gdansk, gerda steinhoff, holocaust, jan breit, jenny wanda barkmann, johann pauls, joseph reiter, july 4, kapos, nazi, naziism, stolzenberg, stutthof, sztutowo, tadeus kopczynski, waclaw kozlowski, wanda klaff, world war ii. Numbers []. "I was told by the museum that the Nazis laid explosives around the buildings and set them on a timer to explode after they had evacuated, but the timer malfunctioned. Semkw states that the presence of human fat tissue has been confirmed in the samples of soapy grease (claimed to be "unfinished soap"[23]) from Danzig presented during the trials through analysis performed by the IPN and Gdask University of Technology in 2011[24][25] and 2006,[26][27] respectively, but his and Tomkiewicz research concluded that this was a byproduct stemming from Spanner's work in bone maceration at the institute unrelated to the Stutthof camp. Asia Shindelman said many prisoners had to walk hundreds of kilometres with little clothing for the cold weather. 99 . Read more:Nazi guard testifies about Stutthof concentration camp, To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video. The Stutthof concentration camp in Poland. [3] Gassing with Zyklon B began in June 1944. Arraigned 27 ex-officials and guards were judged; 26 were found guilty, and one was acquitted. Set up immediately upon Germanys September 1, 1939 invasion of Poland and not liberated until after official German capitulation in 1945, Stutthoff handled over 100,000 prisoners during its long service. Over 4,000 were sent by small boat to Germany, some to the Neuengamme concentration camp near Hamburg, and some to camps along the Baltic coast. But the few that took pleasure from the horrors within the walls of the camps proved the female of the species really can be deadlier than the male. Though there is no evidence linking him to a specific killing, prosecutors argue that as a guard he helped the camp function and "supported the insidious and cruel killing of mainly Jewish prisoners.". The Belsen Trial heard that she beat an 18-year-old girl for eating peelings in the kitchen and, when others protested, she told them, "I will beat her to death." National Socialism was RIGHT and we will return and we will remember things like this, so lowlife like you had better beware.. Many prisoners died in typhus epidemics that swept the camp in the winter of 1942 and again in 1944. [11] In December 2018, the trial was suspended, since the convict had to be hospitalized for serious heart and kidney problems. Initially, in Auschwitz, the camp numbers were sewn on the clothes; with the increased death rate, it became difficult to identify corpses, since clothes were removed from corpses.Therefore, the medical personnel started to write the numbers . German Court Sentences Ex-Concentration Camp Secretary to Probation Irmgard Furchner, who was in her late teens when she worked in the Stutthof camp, was convicted as the authorities make a. A group of thirteen ex-officials of the Stutthof concentration camp were arraigned before a Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court at Gdansk, from April 25, 1946 to May 31, 1946. The first female guards arrived in the camps starting in 1942 at Auschwitz and Majdanek from Ravensbruck. GitHub export from English Wikipedia. Millions of people suffered and died or were killed. On a huge hill in Gdansk, the condemned guards including Jenny-Wanda Barkmann were executed on a huge gallows and it was said that around 200,000 people witnessed the executions of the former concentration camp guards.Join us today as we look at, 'The JUSTIFIED Executions Of The Guards Of Stutthof Concentration Camp.' She also personally selected women and children for the gas chambers, on one occasion, in 1944, sending 3,000 to their death.