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November 16, 1776 The fall of Fort Washington. In fact, his memoirs published in 1716 by a son are the first American military manual. Northumberland County Revolutionary War Militia Upper Division Associators, 24 January 1776 Commanding Officers: Col. unknown Since the company captain and lower officers were also called up, their identities provide a clue to the permanent class, company, and battalion to which a particular individual belonged. In Pennsylvania, the Associators once again stepped up to fill these roles, but the cost and commitment of their near continuous service were growing burdensome. Early in that year, as tension mounted, there appeared spontaneously in certain localities volunteer companies of Soldiers who served during the years 1777-1780, when the currency was depreciating, were paid in Union County, At the outbreak of hostilities between the Crown and the colonies in 1775 the Pennsylvania Assembly opposed any form of mandatory military service. During the afternoon the forces under General John Sullivan fought with the enemy for almost two hours near Birmingham Meeting House. As Horry withdrew, Watsons mounted Tory dragoons advanced right behind, successfully crossing the causeway. Pennsylvania, During the Revolutionary War, Western Pennsylvania saw much fighting between American soldiers and British rangers and their Indian allies. The situation was not good. Ages ranged from sixteen to sixty years. Associators remained independent of the Continental (Pennsylvania) Line which was comprised of regular, enlisted infantrymen. To cross it would put Watson deep within the heartland of the Whig resistance. Watson was cut off from outside information, for his messengers could not break through Marions cordon. Gen. Anthony Wayne's Division. Congress called for a Flying Camp to serve under General George Washington. The 10th Pennsylvania Regiment was raised September 16, 1776 at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania for service with the Continental Army. Please enter your email and password to sign in. The second type of service was duty on the frontier in Northumberland, Northampton, Bedford and Westmoreland counties. Ancestry.com and our loyal RootsWeb community. The militia did provide a significant defensive force patrolling the south side of the Schuylkill River and engaged in occasional clashes with British outposts and scouting parties including heavy skirmishes at Whitemarsh on December 7. In fact over the period of several years the 3d South Carolina Regiment gradually evolved into a line infantry regiment. Companies and Battalions of militia were set up on a geographical basis similar to the arrangement already familiar with the Associators. November 30, 2006 by Trevor. Organization was territorial, so that normally a company consisted of men from a single township, while a battalion included all the Associators of several neighboring townships. With his cavalry defeated, Watson advanced his guards. For the remainder of the war, the fame of Morgan and of his Rangers continued to grow as they deployed throughout the colonies engaging British forces. Soon, though, just as Marion had expected, the guardsmen wheeled around and made their way back to the Kingstree intersection. In October it participated in Anthony Wayne's defeat of the British at Valcour Island, but otherwise had an uneventful tour of garrison duty. Relieved on May 22, 1777 from Stirling's Brigade and assigned to the 1st Pennsylvania Brigade, an element of the. Following a disastrous expedition to Quebec, Canada, and his subsequent capture and parole as a prisoner, Morgan was appointed a colonel of a rifle regiment. Home Battles 1775 to 1783 Campaigns Continental Army Continental Navy British Army Flags of the Revolution War Facts War Leaders Patriot Leaders British Leaders Within each county, the colonels drew lots for their individual rank, which was then assigned to their battalion as First Battallion, Second Battalion, Third Battalion, etc. About. Conway's Brigade continued at attack and eventually drove "the enemy a mile and a half below Chew's house" before being forced to retire. General financial confusion and the collapse of wartime currencies made prompt payment impossible, but eventually, under an act of April 1, 1784, Pennsylvania compensated such payment for their active service and settled accounts with certain other public creditors by passing to them interesting bearing Consolidated on January 17, 1781 with the, Reorganized on January 1, 1783 at Ashley Hills, South Carolina, to consist of 9 companies, and assigned to the. Undaunted by the destroyed bridge or the rebels fire, the lead guardsmen closed column and plunged across the river. Leaving his dead in an abandoned rock quarry and loading his wounded on wagons, Watson and his crack regiment began their withdrawal at the double-time on 28 March toward Georgetown. At Morristown, during the winter of 1780-81, the 7th Pennsylvania was involved in a mutiny with other Pennsylvania Regiments after which the unit was disbanded. Inspite of the the heavy loss of life at Paoli the Regiment fought on October 4, 1777 at Germantown. On November 3, 1783, after a distinguished career, the 1st Pennsylvania Regiment was officially mustered out in Philadelphia, then capital of the United States of America. Watson and his men remained where they were, subsisting off the plantation, gathering from those homes around them anything else they needed. The names of these individuals will be found on the appeal lists. Gen. Anthony Wayne's division. In many instances, members of the militia gave no military service beyond occasional routine drill, and some escaped even that. Continental bills of Credit, which quickly lost value. Marion and his men had won the days skirmish. Soldiers remaining in the regiment were reassigned to other units and eventually sent south to take part in the Yorktown Campaign. In January 1776, the eight companies of the newly-formed battalion began leaving the state to participate in Benedict Arnold's ill-fated attempt to capture Quebec. As such, they were subject to the orders of the Provincial Assembly. Other units in the Continental Army either used the term ranger in their designation or were commonly called rangers, but did not serve in that capacity in the traditional sense. For Bucks County, information has also been provided from the returns for the Committee of Safety (the Associators) for 1775. Pleased with James deployment, Marion reinforced him with an additional company and moved to a reserve position to the rear and out of sight. 14 cemeteries found within miles of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. Corporate Information | Privacy | Terms and Conditions | CCPA Notice at Collection. [2] The only time Pennsylvania seems to have had any sort of basic militia prior to the draft is during the winter months of 1776 into 1777. An attack against Morgan and his crack shots by a British force of 1,100 men would result in a brilliant double envelopment that has been called by historians the American Cannae. The British defeat was total with over 110 soldiers killed and 830 captured. Samuel Morehead's Independent Company, an element of the. On 5 March 1781, Watson began his movement, marching from Fort Watson. Capt. Frustration had set in on the British in regard to Marion, and the decision was made by Cornwallis replacement as field commander in South Carolina, Lord Francis Rawdon, to try and eradicate the pest once and for all. For Northumberland County, the number of militiamen serving in each company of the 1776 Associator Battalions and for the 1778 3rd and 4th Militia Battalions is provided. 1st Battalion, 1777-1780 . Fairfax County, For this reason, a particular private might be listed in a different battalion in 1781 than he was in 1778 but this does not necessarily mean that he was transferred between units or changed residence. In the Western Department, the unit helped construct and garrison Fort McIntosh on the Beaver River, and Fort Laurens on the Tuscarawas. To the plantations Whig owner, Watson acknowledged he had never seen such shooting before in his life. While Watson established his headquarters in the plantation house, Marion and his men bivouacked in the woods of the ridge south of the ford. On June 30, 1775, the Provincial Assembly gave official recognition to the Associators and grouped their companies into battalions. By March 30, four of the companies had arrived at the American lines in front of Quebec, but before the remainder could come up the attack on the city was abandoned and the battalion started the slow retreat back to New York. The four regiments of light dragoons transformed into combined arms Legionary Corps composed of four mounted and two dismounted troops; the various partisan elements consolidated into two Partisan Corps, each with three mounted and three dismounted troops. Seventy men, thirty of whom were sharpshooters, were dispatched to ride ahead to secure and hold the Lower Bridge under Major James. Brief History of the 6th Pennsylvania Regiment of 1777. In 1782, John Alton served as a Private in the Pennsylvania Rangers on the Frontier in Captain John Dean's Company in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, with his brother Benjamin during Colonel Crawford's disastrous expedition against the Indians at Sandusky. Organized between October 25- November 26, 1775 at Philadelphia to consist of 8 companies from Philadelphia, Philadelphia City, Northampton, Berks and Bucks Counties. Resend Activation Email. You can always change this later in your Account settings. Militia fines became an important source of revenue. He and Washington intended it to be the companion to the famous "Blue Book", but operational factors prevented its publication and distribution. But, from the perspective of Robert Rogers and his Rangers, that is contrary to the fact. The men in each battalion elected their own field officers who carried the rank of colonel, lieutenant colonel and major and these officers were then commissioned by the state and expected to serve for three years. At the Battle of Monmouth, on June 28, 1778, it was one of the three Pennsylvania regiments in the force which Aaron Burr led in a late-afternoon assault on the flank of a British counterattacking column. Commanded by Dan Morgan, this Ranger force was singled out by British General John Burgoyne, the commander of British forces intent on isolating the New England colonies, as the most famous corps of the Continental Army, all of them crack shots.. A separate article discussing the various form of military service during this conflict will be added in the near future. Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission, Battalions and Companies, Arranged by County, Northumberland Co Revolutionary War Militia, Philadelphia City Revolutionary War Militia, Philadelphia Co Revolutionary War Militia, Westmoreland Co Revolutionary War Militia, PHMC Collections Management Policy Standards, Diversity, Equity, Inclusion & Access Policy. On June 7, it fought at Connecticut Farms and on June 21 was at "the blockhouse" at Bergen Hts., where it joined the First Pennsylvania Regiment in a gallant but futile headlong charge on a sturdy Loyalist fortification despite the attempts of the officers to restrain the men. On September 21 the regiment was in Hartford, Connecticut, with Wayne to greet French General Rochambeau. The 7th Pennsylvania was part of the force that attacked the blockhouse under Wayne at Bergen Heights on july 21, 1780. This account already exists, but the email address still needs to be confirmed. The item Washington County, Pa., Frontier Rangers, 1781-1782 : Washington County, Pa., Rangers, Revolutionary War burials of Greene County, Pa., Revolutionary War burials of Washington County, Pa., compiled by Paul W. Myers represents a specific, individual, material embodiment of a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in Indiana State Library. And, they were still separate from the militias sanctioned by Pennsylvania's Provincial Assembly. During this time the brigade under General Thomas Conway, to which the 6th Regiment belonged, was reputed to be "the best instructed and disiplined" in the army. Pennsylvania Militia was organized under an act of March 7, 1777, which provided for compulsory enrollment by the constables of all able-bodied male whites between the ages of eighteen and fifty-three. Such men of the Pennsylvania Line as became disabled in service but were found capable of light garrison duty were transferred to this special continental regiment. Pennsylvania claimed the 1st Continental Regiment as its own and renamed the regiment as the 1st Pennsylvania Regiment. The Pennsylvania Riflemen are sent to the left near Flatbush and the Musketeers are sent to the right with General Alexander. Re-designated on June 22, 1775 as the Pennsylvania Rifle Regiment. The 11th Pennsylvania fought again at Germantown on October 4, 1777. The Regiment was authorized on December 9, 1775 in the Continental Army as the 5th Pennsylvania Battalion. (sic)They are officially uniformed in a blue regimental coat with red lining and facing and pewter buttons inscribed PSR. By 1675-1676 a new element appeared in the ranger concept. In offensive operations they became scouts and guides, locating targets (such as villages) for task forces drawn from the militia or other colonial troops. The infantry moved at a trot the entire way, stopping only to fire a volley to their rear. 1st Continental Regiment. The regiment as a whole seems to have seen its first major action at the Battle of Brandywine, on September 11, 1777, and saw especially hard fighting, taking heavy casualties. The Pennsylvania Council of Safety prescribes that there will be ten companies, "eight of them armed with muskets and the other two with riffles." Sullivan in his campaign against the Iroquois in western Pennsylvania. In the meantime, the regiment was commanded by the senior officer present for duty, Maj. William Williams. Advancing his main force as support, Marion again ordered Horry to charge. Substitute Fine was paid. On New Year's Day, 1781, members of the 6th Pennsylvania joined the mutiny of the Pennsylvania regiments then quartered at Morristown. The enlisted men were held by the British until December 26, 1776 when they were set free on parole and, most probably, exchanged for prisoners held by the Continental Forces. The battalion colonels, lieutenant colonels, and majors were called to active duty in a specific order. Pennsylvania State Navy. For this reason, a separate permanent billet record and an active duty record would have existed for each individual who saw active duty. After the war he became the Commander of the First American Regiment, for a time they only infantry unit in the fledgling army of the independent United States. This was in spite of the fact that he "is detested by the officer's of his brigade because he makes his brigade work and personally drills and instructs it, instead of leaving it idle in camp. Please check your email and click on the link to activate your account. Reorganized on July 1, 1778 to consist of 9 companies. who served in the war of the American Revolution, 1775-1783 List of 10,000 Revolutionary Soldiers 1775-1783. Certain it is no man has a better claim to the public thanks, or is more generally admired than you. On May 18 the unit lost a junior officer killed in a fight at Paramus. 1st United States President, Revolutionary War Mount Vernon, Avoiding militia calls was not difficult. Only in a few instances did her armed vessels pass beyond the Capes of the Delaware into the Atlantic. It was organized during the spring of 1777 to consist of eight companies of volunteers from Westmoreland, Lancaster, Chester, Philadelphia and Cumberland counties of the commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Muster rolls of the navy and line, militia and rangers, 1775-1783:198-220 Intemediate Sources: USGENwebArchives Transcribed by Christina Hunt Archive.org, OCR Transcription. The traditional ranger usage reached its peak during the French and Indian War. History affords no instance wherein an officer has kept possession of a country under so many disadvantages as you have; surrounded on every side with a superior force; hunted from every quarter with veteran troops, you have found means to elude all their attempts, and to keep alive the expiring hopes of an oppressed Militia, when all succor seemed to be cut off. The 6th Pennsylvania was then posted there for the next three months and was involved in several brushes with the British. Re-designated the 7th Pennsylvania Regiment and with such a large number of re-enlisting veterans, the unit was ready for duty in a very short time. For example, what had been Colonel White's 1st York County Battalion continued to be made up of the same men, but could now be designated as perhaps Colonel Black's 7th York County Battalion. On January 1, 1777, the survivors of the 5th Battalion, along with exchanged prisoners and new recruits, were reorganized into the 6th Pennsylvania. Re-designated on January 1, 1777 as the 8th Pennsylvania Regiment. Frequently no substitute was furnished, but instead a The structure of the legionary corps focused on providing close reconnaissance and security patrols for a field army although various operational and manpower problems hampered most of the regiments from achieving complete success. They occasionally operated with friendly Indians, but more commonly served the British as a substitute for traditional allies. The distance from bank to bank was the perfect sharpshooter distance, fifty yards. An online listing of officers in the They also fought at Bergen Neck. That evening both sides encamped, though Marion did order his night patrols to take shots at Watsons sentinels. Northampton County Revolutionary War Militia 1st Battalion, 1777 Commanding Officers: Col. George Hubner; 4th Battalion, 1780 Commanding Officers: Lt. Col. Philip Beehm (Boehm) Eight days later, Pennsylvania was directed to raise two additional companies, followed by a third. Colonel Stewart called his regiment the Thirteenth Pennsylvania Regiment in his weekly return of October 27, and it was so designated and officially added to the Continental Line by a resolution of the Continental Congress dated November 12, 1777. After exchanging fire in the area of Chadd's Ford, The PSR, as part of General Greene's division move to meet the main British assault. Joseph Howell became acting regimental commander and the 2nd Pennsylvania Regiment numbered only 13 other officers and 74 enlisted men present for duty at the end of the month. In this contest "Lord Sterling's Division & particularly Conway's Brigade" were seen to have "remarkably distinguished themselves." The sharpshooters were placed at the abutment where they had the clearest shot at the far end of the bridge while the remaining musketeers secured their flanks. Its main objective was the defense of Philadelphia and the protection of the Delaware river and bay of the outward and inward bound trade of the state. A counter charge of the remainder of Marions cavalry pushed the dragoons back across the land bridge. Morgans losses were placed at twelve killed and sixty-one wounded. On July 1, 1776, the army reorganized yet again with each state directed to supply a quota of line regiments for Continental service. A County Lieutenant holding the rank of colonel was responsible for implenenting the law with the assistence of sub-lieutenants who held the rank of lieutenant colonel. Refusal to turn out for military exercises would result in a fine, the proceeds from which were used to hire substitutes. The American Revolutionary War, also known as the American War of Independence, was a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen British colonies in North American. They marched from Hannastown, Pennsylvania, to New Jersey in the winter of 1776-77, and the following campaign season took part in a number of battles, including Paoli, Brandywine, White Marsh, Boundbrook, and Germantown as part of Brig. Having dashed ahead to destroy the bridge, Horry and his men were positioned fifty yards across the river. During this period, 135 men and officers were detached to Col. Daniel Morgan and participated in the Saratoga campaign as part of his rifle corps. In formal battles it provided unblemished flank security, but it was even better in rear battle by conducting deep raids against British logistical bases. It sustained casualties at Paoli on Sept. 21, including one officer killed, and at the Battle of Germantown it was the left flank of the American troops attacking the British center that was mistakenly fired on by other American troops. Many of the men who served in 1776 reenlisted and to these were added new recruits to fill out the regiment. Relieved on May 19, 1778 from the 2nd Pennsylvania Brigade and assigned to the. Please reset your password. On the brink of war, the Continental Congress passed a resolution on 14 June 1775, on what is known as Flag Day, that six companies of expert riflemen be immediately raised in Pennsylvania, two in Maryland, and two in Virginia. From these beginnings of the Continental Army, a group of expert riflemen composed of hardy frontiersmen were formed in 1777 into an organization George Washington referred to as The Corps of Rangers. Col. Henry Bicker was appointed in his place but did not actually join the regiment until the following October. By December 8, a remnant of the First Battalion was at New Germantown, New Jersey, but the bulk of the men had been mustered out of service. They required six-month enlistments. The four regiments of light dragoons raised in 1777 as a reconnaissance force derived from European developments in light cavalry during the eighteenth century. When the army was reorganized on January 1, 1776, the Battalion was renamed the 1st Continental Regiment of Foot. Donation Land in certain western counties, land that remained free from taxation so long as the soldier lived and retained ownership. They were either used to augment the operations of the Continental Line such as when some of the Associators accompanied General Washington in crossing the Delaware in January 1777. Please enter your email address and we will send you an email with a reset password code. The names of men in each company of each battalion were listed on a roll called "General Returns of the Battalion" together with the names of any substitutes that were provided. The regiment would see action during the Battle of Valcour Island, Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Germantown, Battle of Monmouth and the Battle of Springfield. Most of the muster rolls that have survived were made up just before the men were discharged from duty. Pennsylvania, For purposes of administration and drill, Search above to list available cemeteries. Depreciation Pay Certificates, which were both interest bearing and negotiable, like bonds of the present day. When spring came, the regiment was again actively engaged in patrols and skirmishes with British forays from New York. Organized in between March 7- May 29, 1776 at Markus Hook, to consist of the 1st Battalion (6 companies) from Philadelphia City and Bucks, Bedford, York, Norhampton and Northumberland Counties; and the 2nd Battalion (6 companies) from Berks, Cumberland, Lancaster and Westmoreland Counties. July to August 1777 - With the rest of Washington's army the 6th Regiment marched back and forth across New Jersey and into New York and Pennsylvania while trying to ascertain the destination of General Howe's army, which had embarked on the British fleet. There were hopes that under this new form of government military service would become mandatory. With knowledge of the land, James and his men were able to secure the bridge before the arrival of Watsons dragoons. 14 cemeteries found in will be saved to your photo volunteer list. By the end of that year, Pennsylvania had adopted a new more radical constitution that wrested control from the older conservative Assembly and in early 1777 the new Assembly passed Pennsylvania's first militia law requiring compulsory military service. To get things off to a spirited start, he dispatched a detachment of sharpshooters across the river to the plantation where Watson and his troops were housed with orders to shoot his sentries and to wreak havoc. Under the Militia Act of 1777, the numbering of the militia units changed every three years though the composition of each unit recruited from a given area tended to remain more or less the same except for casualties and new recruits. At Trenton, it was the 1st Continental Regiment (now known as the 1st Pennsylvania Regiment) that cut off the Hessian retreat from Trenton, causing them to surrender. Mifflin' Brigade re-designated on October 8, 1776 as Stirling's Brigade. Morgans Corps of Rangers was coming to fruition. Begin Main Content Area Bedford County Revolutionary War Militia. Swearingen resigned from the service in August 1779 and settled in Washington County, Pa., where he owned a handful of slaves and became the county's first sheriff two years later. Rangers committed to prolonged enlistment periods and rather than fight the war for independence, they patrolled Pennsylvania's western frontier, often fending off Indian attacks. It performed excellently in a light infantry role at the battle of Harlem Heights on 16 September 1776, but Knowlton suffered a mortal wound. Most of Whitcomb's men came from New Hampshire and the Hampshire Grants (now Vermont). Another form of line service was with the In contrast, however, they received uniforms and arms from the state. Filename: Description: Date: Submitter: Revolutionary War: 1bat1782.txt : Rev War: 1782 - First Battalion, Washington County: May 1998: m. Burns: Frontier Rangers/Militia Thus, the Pennsylvania Rifle Battalion, being the first unit formed by the state, became the 1st Pennsylvania Regiment, The 1st Pennsylvania Battalion became the nucleus of the 2nd Pennsylvania Regiment and so on. John Doyle's Independent Rifle Company. During the battle, Colonel Miles, Atlee and Lt. Due to bad tactics, the unit took the heaviest losses in the engagement. RootsWeb is funded and supported by The Pennsylvania State Regiment of Foot was organized at the end of April, 1777, from the men and officers of Miles's rifle battalion and Atlee's musketry battalion. Many members of the Pennsylvania Navy were entitled to and received Depreciation pay certificates, and, rather curiously, some were paid off with Certificates of the Funded or Militia Debt. Colonel Piper are captured. Knowlton's Rangers, a provisional three-company unit of volunteers from Connecticut and Massachusetts line regiments under Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Knowlton, came into being during the late summer of 1776 at New York City. It also provided an avenue for conscientious objectors to fulfill their legal obligation to the state without compromising their religious convictions. Associators patterned essentially upon groups which had existed briefly in 1747-1748 and again after Braddock's defeat in 1755. Many men listed on company rosters never drilled, and tens of thousands enrolled in the militia never experienced a single day of active duty. On the brink of war, the Continental Congress passed a resolution on 14 June 1775, on what is known as Flag Day, that "six companies of expert riflemen be immediately raised in Pennsylvania, two in Maryland, and two in Virginia." Rangers, who served long enlistments on the frontier against the Indians. Keystone State. When Washington authorized Gist's Additional Continental Regiment in 1777 he intended to man it with a mixture of Caucasian southern frontiersmen and members of the Cherokee and related tribes.