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S wave: The second seismic wave of an earthquake. What did it feel like? https://people.wou.edu/~taylors/gs104/lab5key.pdf Locating Earthquake Epicenters | CK-12 Foundation Apr 8, 2020 . Multiply the difference by 8.4 to estimate the distance, in kilometers, from the seismograph station to the epicenter. hbbd``b`$C`q9 X_$_g`bdxc`X What is an earthquake? Choose an answer and hit 'next'. Three seismographs are needed. HTn {0,`K6}(J6]&Q^"!q57y_VQ9fp3/?Mc=KGsrrt:c\$Lh`4}>C>`qcSj0[YpZ_Su(322/N Z./$E )H %C[5ph[BUyGh7|!XPQiDjJ(|BNvylk+g;9G(#Aby>Jcf`XmnwtDD+;Z^I&Sb-4!7oi` L7 endstream endobj 78 0 obj <> endobj 79 0 obj <>stream Why might the triangulation method not always produce an exact point (other than your measurement errors)? Also called seismometer. There are two sets of data and maps to do this activity/ lab for than once. Every year, earthquakes cause death and destruction worldwide. What about P waves? THREE SEISMOGRAMS Seismogram A - New York, NY 1 minute 1. Run through the investigation yourself and record the data, just to see how long it takes. How far do S waves travel in 5 Before going to the classroom, you will need to: Provide each student, with the following: Earthquakes occur every day all over the United States and all over the world. minutes and P waves 8 minutes to pen recorded the arrival of P, S, and surface Share with Classes. 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Triangulation and Magnitude: Student pairs complete the worksheet, which includes following a tutorial/simulation accessed through the Earthquakes Living Lab. 0000033429 00000 n First, determine the P-wave arrival, and read down to the bottom of the seismogram to note at what time (usually marked in seconds) that the P-wave arrived. %PDF-1.4 % Describe the process of triangulation to locate an epicenter. Figure 2. 0000007097 00000 n Details. What was the lag time (in minutes) at this location? Explain the difference between S and P waves, and how their time interval is used to determine the epicenter location. Question: ACTIVITY 2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations-New York; Nome, Alaska; and Mexico City. In the U.S., earthquake measurements under the MMS (those of magnitude 3.5 or higher) are still commonly erroneously referred to by the general public and media as being on the Richter scale, due to more familiarity with the Richter scale. We have answers to the most popular questions from our customers. In this investigation, participants will understand that S and P waves are used to find the epicenter of an earthquake by using seismograph data to triangulate an epicenter. 1) Identify the general term for waves released from an earthquake. PDF. A circle is drawn from each of the three different seismograph locations, where the radius of each circle is equal to the distance from that station to the epicenter. Step 1: ans- d) 65 seconds Ste . How does distance from the epicenter affect the S-P time interval? American Geosciences Institute. endstream endobj startxref 0000000016 00000 n They use three seismographs in a process called triangulation to determine earthquake epicenters. 5 4. Ask students what fault they think caused this earthquake. 0000008088 00000 n 0000000856 00000 n Then do the same for the S-wave. 0000002094 00000 n [*aiLG?+J\QI86~}ooRrr!pm}dk@dBbZPMZlC4C\9^ SM.R\!H+$|+DUzt^w{" %&{KXjT'9yzT^UFe:+f(`PU_9%EW@\)?i qp!\G Z endstream endobj 75 0 obj <>stream Ch Person/Attorney Filing: - Superior Court - Maricopa County - superiorcourt maricopa. The western U.S. has more faults than the eastern U.S., and therefore the western U.S. has more earthquakes. Type text, add images, blackout confidential details, add comments, highlights and more. Then locate and click the link in the center of the page under the question: "How is an earthquake epicenter located and how is magnitude determined?" 4. Subjects: ' endstream endobj 69 0 obj <> endobj 70 0 obj [85 0 R] endobj 71 0 obj <> endobj 72 0 obj <> endobj 73 0 obj <>stream In this activity, students use an online simulationVirtual Earthquakethat is accessible through the Earthquakes Living Lab interface, to locate the epicenter of an earthquake by making simple measurement on three seismograms, recordings of an earthquake's seismic waves detected by instruments (seismographs) far away from the earthquake. 0000001396 00000 n Was there an initial quake followed by smaller quakes? Though they may weaken with distance, seismographs are sensitive enough to still detect these waves. So the difference in the P- and S-wave arrival times determines the distance between the epicenter and a seismometer. at that station. Describe what the "magnitude" of an earthquake is. Once three seismographs have been located, find the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave and the arrival of the S-wave. Take a few minutes to read the information on the left side of this page for the 2010 earthquake off the coast of central Chile. ACTIVITY 4.2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 4.5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations - New York, Nome, Alaska, and Mexico City. 5. focus - the point within Earth where an earthquake originates. Sharing Information/Thinking Ahead: In the Evaluate section of the worksheet, student pairs are asked to compose answers to two questionswhether they think seismology is a reliable science and ways seismic data is useful for engineers. earthquakes. Do limits exist on what science can predict? 0000003991 00000 n This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. Notify the classroom teacher of technology needs (overhead projector). How do we determine the epicenter of an earthquake? Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and make claims about specific causes and effects. Answer Key: Lab 5 Earthquakes - Find People, Locating Earthquake Epicenters | CK-12 Foundation, Earthquake Station - Regents Earth Science, Locating Earthquakes Teaching Resources - TPT, Locating An Epicenter Teaching Resources - TPT, How To Find The Epicenter Of An Earthquake - YouTube, Locating The Epicenter Of An Earthquake Worksheet, Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Worksheet Answers, glencoe responsible driving chapter 2 answers, pnp neuro psychiatric exam sample questions, quais tipos de drogas sao detectadas no exame toxicologico, centro de apoio diagnostico resultado de exames, locating earthquake epicenter worksheet answer key, exame pcr covid para viagem internacional, quantos dias pra sair o resultado do exame de covid, du ma political science entrance exam syllabus 2023, earth and life science grade 11 module 4 genetic engineering answer key, go math grade 5 chapter 11 lesson 11.9 answer key, civil service examination in the philippines. 100 km 4.1 km/s 24.4 s; Finding the epicenter (continued) data table analyze and conclude answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. However, please review it for the specific setting, materials, students, and conventional safety precautions. 0000003966 00000 n S waves. 1. Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach the, seismic station first. If you can't find an answer to your question, please contact us. In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographsfrom at least three different places are needed for a particular event. Earthquakes can also cause tsunamis, which are very large waves that can damage coastlines and put coastal residents in danger. Before looking at the Earthquakes Living Lab, have pairs complete the, Then guide the teams to the Earthquakes Living Lab via the living lab website at. different types of seismic waves. (5 minutes) Discuss how gathering information on epicenters can be applied. The farther away the epicenter is, the greater the difference . Objective Use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of earthquakes. Earthquake Location 2 Using the skills that you acquired in the picking P and S arrivals, you can now locate an earthquake using real seismic records. 0000005544 00000 n One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. cCV&0Lw1~c\4QA!{q: N3\`Lccgb,x/if`WH3(\'q)Da'@ | endstream endobj 92 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/Index[57 4]/Length 20/Size 61/Type/XRef/W[1 1 1]>>stream (Source: USGS, Wikipedia). For lower grades, just introduce the concepts of triangulation and the magnitude scale; a thorough understanding of P and S waves is not vital. miles from the epicenter of an epicenter: A point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the place where the underground forces of an earthquake originate. (i. Accessed December 11, 2013. http://earthquake.usgs.gov/aboutus/docs/020204mag_policy.php. Doing this generates an S-P interval graph (time vs. distance, called the travel-time curve graph) from which they determine and select three epicentral distances. 2. 13 4 locating an earthquake epicenter geosciences libretexts . The USGS Earthquake Hazards Program is part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP), established by Congress in 1977, and the USGS Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) was established by Congress as a NEHRP facility. The answer is the San Andreas Fault. To make a magnitude determination, two measurements are needed: the S-P interval (already determined earlier in the tutorial) and the maximum amplitude of the seismic waves. Even though the scale formulae are different, MMS retains the familiar continuum of magnitude values defined by the older scale. Epicenter. approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? Privacy Policy, Seismograms from seismic stations in Fresno, CA, Phoenix, AZ, and Las Vegas, NV, A modified travel time curve for S-P wave, A Modified Travel Time Curve for S-P Wave. Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media. Do you agree with this alignment? Alignment agreement: For example, Thus, the Richter scale is used for measuring small earthquakes (3.5 M or less), while the moment magnitude scale is used for measuring stronger earthquakes (3.5 M or higher). atrial depolarization. HtA1D41`s(GME$Ke*YdEOYf2-:r. When an earthquake strikes, P waves arrive at a seismograph rst and S waves next. What is the Three seismographs are needed. "`B(R6sj [CX7p+s =#;~ `'kA 3. What is an earthquake? First locate and mark the three seismic stations on the world map provided below. Locating Earthquake Epicenter Lab Answer Key buysms de. 0000031066 00000 n 1. This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. (Source: USGS). Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach theseismic station first. 2. (from left to right). to the lag time measured at this location? Key Facts & Information. m>r/Q[6 endstream endobj 84 0 obj <> endobj 85 0 obj <> endobj 86 0 obj <>stream Hand out the worksheets to the groups and direct them to read through the instructions. Every earthquake is recorded on numerous seismographs located in different directions. between arrival of P and S waves is called HS]o01j6R0iMm4U=wL8]BE< minute apart, represent the passage of time The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of travel of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. Locating Earthquake Epicenter Lab - Triangulation sheet for students and/or teachers to use (Slide 6), and answer key (Slide 7). Scientists and engineers around the globe gather data through observation and experimentation and use it to describe and understand how the world works. Also commonly termed the focus. Richter scale Method of earthquake measurement based on the amplitude of seismic . You will receive your score and answers at the end. Students learn about factors that engineers take into consideration when designing buildings for earthquake-prone regions. Triangulation to Locate an Earthquake By Earthquake Hazards Original Thumbnail Medium Detailed Description Triangulation can be used to locate an earthquake. Apr 8, 2020 One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. If your seismograph station is hbb2b`b``a I @ endstream endobj 62 0 obj <>/Metadata 55 0 R/Pages 51 0 R/StructTreeRoot 57 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 63 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Fields[]>> endobj 64 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 65 0 obj <> endobj 66 0 obj <> endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 68 0 obj <>stream locate and label the epicenter of the earthquake on this map. Reading Strategy. Zip. consider a seismograph stationed 3, 12), Analyze and interpret data about natural hazards using direct and indirect evidence d>(ZvO= Scientists use triangulation to find the epicenter of an earthquake. Using 3 seismograms the students will be able to triangulate the epicenter of an earthquake. 0000006011 00000 n by. In a concluding class discussion, have groups share their ideas about engineering and one new thing they learned about earthquakes. minutes? Lab Exercise #2: Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake In this lab exercise, you will locate the epicenter of an earthquake. The living lab presents earthquake information through a focus on four active seismic areas and historic earthquakes in those areas. Focal Depth. n{6c&6NK*U;=9i%nF 0000001893 00000 n Figure 1 is a simplified example of a E}g7$i(=K)"aj%v]vPcYloi@X3noGX{[XucOgkdF.>Ym^fwrQf;8_Nok3w\;?n_Hhc?>k\o[%DgwJ'3d.lTqDy_aJw! As the drum rotated, the Earthquakes and Volcanoes. For example, the western United States has earthquakes more frequently and on a larger scale than the eastern part of the country. The point of origin of an earthquake is called its focus and the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus is the epicenter. How are S and P waves used to determine how far away epicenters are? longer or shorter). from the epicenter will be 14 8. Where the 3 circles intersect is the approximate location to the epicenter of the earthquake. Short for "primary wave" or "pressure wave." 0000002840 00000 n S-P interval: The time interval between the arrivals of P and S waves. 61 33 lag time. Earthquakes and Seismic Waves Key Concepts . How does the Mad Scientist. The uses of technologies and any limitations on their use are driven by individual or societal needs, desires, and values; by the findings of scientific research; and by differences in such factors as climate, natural resources, and economic conditions. Send activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter worksheet answers via email, link, or fax. Describe the logarithmic nature of the earthquake magnitude scale. HTn0"H@w=s(vxk8OM1px-{$_!o5|CS7RPr#V(0CUa%ZkuT9t};D Jj=.9,z!#@n5YCu>R88tfFRX=iRK Cross), Give Me Liberty! 0000001736 00000 n 0000030504 00000 n While no one can predict earthquakes, knowing the intensities, frequencies and locations of past earthquakes and fault planes helps us to better anticipate the locations and forces to expect, so we can do our best to prepare our communities and infrastructure to withstand them safely. 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Use this information to complete the following. triangulation: A method to determine exactly where an earthquake originates. As you may know, people have look numerous times for . (Grades Several thousand seismographs exist at locations around the planet, continuously measuring abnormalities in the Earth's movement. During an earthquake, seismic waves are sent all over the globe. The time See Answer. 9 - Earth and Space, Physical Science, A process called triangulation uses seismic data from three locations to identify the epicenter of an earthquake.copyrightCopyright USGS http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/eqscience.php. The seismometers are shown as green dots. (Grades Students learn about the types of seismic waves produced by earthquakes and how they move through the Earth. P wave: The first seismic wave of an earthquake. Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter, The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are P, waves, Swaves, and Surface waves. The vertical lines, spaced one Then locate and click the link in the center of the page under the question: "How is an earthquake epicenter located and how is magnitude determined"? The instrument detects and documents the intensity, direction and duration of ground vibrations, which are used to determine the epicenters and strength/magnitudes of earthquakes or other seismic events. P and Swaves are body waves and travel, through the interior of the earth. The lag time for any aqmd. Facility Name Busine Child ren Information Child Name C. Child Social Security Number Type of Case being filed - Check only one category. The longer the time between the arrival of the P-wave and S-wave, the farther away is the epicenter. 0000002658 00000 n P and Swaves are body waves and travelthrough the interior of the earth. Divide the class into student pairs, and have them assemble at their computers with journals/paper and writing instruments. moment magnitude scale: Similar to the Richter scale, but replacing its use starting in the 1970s for more accuracy in measuring big earthquakes (magnitudes > 3.5) from greater distances. 4. fault - a fracture in Earth's crust where the rocks on either side have moved. Material is sheared side to side, perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. Today we will be using a traveltime graph, where the vertical separation between, the P and S curves is equal to the difference in the arrival times between the Pwave, and Swave. 0000000956 00000 n 0000001408 00000 n 0000005149 00000 n The earthquake occurred somewhere along that circle. Now on the main page of the Earthquakes Living Lab website (see Figure 2), note the featuring of four active seismic areas and the mapping of real-time and current data from earthquakes happening around the world. 0000030968 00000 n (Grades 6 - 8). 9 - This section explains what earthquakes and faults are and what causes earthquakes. PS: We do not share personal information or emails with anyone. 0000009174 00000 n It travels faster than the same earthquake's S wave (almost double the speed) and is similar to sound waves. to the lag time measured at this location? question 1 of 3. technology, engineering or math (STEM) educational standards. In the ASN, standards are hierarchically structured: first by source; e.g., by state; within source by type; e.g., science or mathematics; and S waves depends on the distance from the epicenter of the answer the following question. The epicenter is the point directly above it at the surface of the Earth. 0000001777 00000 n 0000001562 00000 n