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Ming Chiu, M. & Walker, A. In response to the performance of a negative behaviour towards another party, an individual can seek punishment from other people (Walster, Berscheid & Walster, 1973). (The best multi-disciplinary overview is R. L. Cohen 's edited collection entitled Justice: Views from the . According to this, we are more. The reference person or group used in evaluating the equity of one's own exchange relationship. The rationale for using the social comparison principle in Equity Theory stemmed from prior evidence. Such a conclusion comes from the first assumption of the theory, which postulates that people in social exchange relations strive to maximise personal benefits, disregarding the cooperative relations people may engage in (Walster, Berscheid & Walster, 1973; Adams, 1963). Social exchange theory is a social psychological and sociological perspective that explains social change and stability as a process of negotiated exchanges between parties. Zhang, S. & Leidner, D. (2018). Both men and women view emotional infidelity in the same way as sexual infidelity. Social Comparison and Distributive Justice: East Asia Differences. The longer this feeling of unfairness (lack of equity) goes on, the more likely a couple is to break up. Paraskevaidis P, Andriotis K. Altruism in tourism: Social exchange theory vs altruistic surplus phenomenon in host volunteering. Medical Reviewers confirm the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research. . This aspect is against the ideologies of the equity theory because equity theory states that the inputs should equal the outcomes. b. view predictability as a cost Shin, T. (2016). Which of the following is NOT true of gender differences in love? (2010). Fifth, if any of the forms of inequity are perceived, the person aims to restore inequity either psychologically or physically in pursuit of eliminating the emotional tensions associated with inequity perception. Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author and educational consultant focused on helping students learn about psychology. Here's a brief refresher: Social exchange theory says that human relationships and social behavior are rooted in an exchange process. e. conversation orientation, An important form of communication that helps maintain family relationships through the sharing of narrative accounts is It's a sociological concept that. Kim, C.K., Evans, J.H. a. are more likely to suffer boredom A Macro Theory is a sociological theory designed to study the larger social, global, and societal level of sociological phenomena. As I hope you will appreciate, this concept of "social resource" is both: 1. Harrington, S.J. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Mixed-status relationship in the workplace, On average, people report_____ conflicts per week, You work for an IT company that has as it primary client a very large and powerful national bank. Homans is known for being rather matter-of-fact. The _________ principle of social exchange theory can predict if a relationship remains stable in the near future. Which of the following is a warning sign of violence in a relationship? 2013. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6772-0_3. & Freedman, S. (1976). Equity Theory has also underpinned research in economic psychology. The importance of equity in relationships is supported by research findings. Any individual for whom equity or inequity exists. Write your ideas, and add another word that fits the category. Finally, Equity Theory has been criticised for its unidimensional measurement, whereby rewards implied different resources, disregarding the processes that people may evaluate. According to the text, Victor is most likely using which theoretical perspective? What type of peer relationship do you have with him? In the group context, equitable relations between members of the group are expected to benefit other members. This suggests that the importance of equity in relationships has ancient origins. a. inequity Fair Pay or Power Play? The research shed light on the role of individualist and collectivist cultures in customers reactions to cross-cultural price comparisons (Bolton, Keh & Alba, 2010). & Chung, C.M. Social exchange theory. (2013). Ann Rev Sociol. The results supported the predictions of Equity Theory in terms of likely responses to underpayment and the coping role of negative behaviour in situations of perceived inequity (Greenberg, 1990). Pay Equity, Managerial Power, and Compensation Adjustments for CEOs. The major critique arose due to Equity Theory not being able to explain all instances of social relations. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 2, 267-299. http . Let's say you have a casual friend that you enjoy hanging out with. Chapter 10 Quiz - Managing Conflict & Power, Chapter 12 Quiz - Relationships with Family M, Chapter 13 Quiz - Relationships with Friends, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Arlene Lacombe, Kathryn Dumper, Rose Spielman, William Jenkins, BA 3350 CH 11 TEST, BA 3350 TEST 12, BA 3350. Although rigorous research had been carried out to support the assumptions of those theories, it had not been clear as to how those theories related to each other. Homans was a pioneer in behavioral sociology and held several roles of distinction in his career, including serving as president of the American Sociological Association (1963 to 1964) and chairman of Harvard's Department of Sociology (1970 to 1975). Social exchange theory: What is it, and how can it be applied to everyday situations? In S. Papagiannidis (Ed), TheoryHub Book. You provide technical support and project management. (1990). Microsociologists, on the other hand, study social interaction. Social exchange theory suggests that we essentially take the benefits of a relationship and subtract the costs in order to determine how much it is worth. Thus, it tries to determine whether the distribution of resources between employees in an organization is fair. Fairness Perceptions as a Moderator in the Curvilinear Relationships Between Job Demands, and Job Performance and Job Satisfaction. Use a word from the vocabulary list to replace each underlined word or phrase with its opposite. Expectations can appear within work relationships as well. When that sense of equity is lacking, dissonance arises within the employee. As a response to this limitation, further research categorised fairness into several dimensions, such as the most widely used procedural and distributive justice (Leventhal, 1980). In this case, secret result of salary may help reduce the sense of fairness of staffs. & Maruyama, G. (1976). Relational maintenance strategies and equity in marriage. Social Exchange Theory. Introduction Social Exchange Theory (SET) emerged at the end of the 1950s and has since developed into a large body of research on social behaviour. Which of the following best describes the "Pragma" style of love? (2001). a. pluralistic family According to social exchange theory, if the rewards minus the costs exceed what is available in other relationships, a person will. Equity Theory was adopted to investigate the role of perceived relationship power in dating relations. Professional peers are those Both parties eventually agree to make concessions by which neither friend gets exactly what he wanted. Injustice appears to be a major variable in the analysis of transgressive behaviour. The fair sharing of profits (benefits) between self and the employer. & Yellen, J.L. On the one hand, the theory had commercial importance for organisations in terms of reducing financial consequences resulting from the negative behaviour of employees. A New Perspective on Equity Theory: The Equity Sensitivity Construct. You may not submit downloaded papers as your own, that is cheating. e. the birds-of-a-feather effect, When we maintain a relationship with someone we perceive as similar to ourselves, we Moreover, Adam asserted that employees tend to balance between the inputs that they accomplish a task and the resultant outcomes, this, the employees weigh them against the inputs and output of other employees. Equity theory proposes the winning formula of fairness in relationships: one partners benefits minus their costs, should equal another partners benefits minus their costs. request of compensation) or psychological means (justification), Convincing oneself that relationships are equitable, The harm-doer could voluntarily reduce his own relative outcomes to the victim's level; one could curtail his own outcomes from the relationship or increase his inputs. Depth is measured by how many different aspects of a person's life you are familiar with. As fully developed by Homans (1961 ), it is a theory employing quasi-economic terms. (1994). Complete the sentence by writing the correct form of the word shown in parentheses. Social exchange theory is a model of human behavior that has been developed to explain the processes by which people make relationships and maintain them. It is a popular response to unethical behaviour, which could be the non-compliance to company policies (Harrington, 1996), in-group violence (Iqbal & Bilali, 2018) or bullying behaviour (Zhang & Leidner, 2018). e. protective, Families that are high in conversation and low in conformity are called Equity Theory was introduced by John Stacey Adams in 1963 (Adams, 1963), originally, for application in the organisational context. In other words, it seems that perceived fairness is either present or not in relationships from the start, and does not develop with time, contrary to the prediction of Equity Theory. Upward comparison means that people look at other more advantaged members of the group with the aim of evaluating their rewards (Wills, 1981). Equity Theory has been criticised for oversimplifying the normative foundation of individuals behaviour in the social exchange context. In another example, a study used the theory in order to investigate the firm-level consequences entailed by CEO underpayment in an emerging economy. However, in contrast to the theory, respondents with more power in relations than their partner (positive inequity) generally were more satisfied with the relationship and had a greater trust in their current partner (Hall & Knox, 2019). & Bussey, K. (2017). Social Comparison Theory explains the mechanism through which people evaluate the degree to which the distribution of costs and rewards is fair or unfair in social exchange relations. Social inequality refers to relational processes in society that have the effect of limiting or harming a group's social status, social class, and social circle. The impact of acknowledgement and denial of responsibility for harm on victim groups' perceptions of justice, power, and intergroup attitudes. Another study, conducted by Stafford and Canary (2006), also found similar trends. It meant to be a comprehensive framework, which would incorporate and explain a number of mini-theories in social psychology, such as Learning Theory, Cognitive Consistency Theory, and Freudian Theory, which had been vaguely explained before. It was confirmed that in the condition of fair effort-reward allocation, people tend to perform better and feel more satisfied (Janssen, 2001). c. intelligent This process of exchange purposes maximizing benefits and lowering the costs down. Fairness perceptions of annual bonus payments: The effects of subjective performance measures and the achievement of bonus targets.