24:22) with stone or metal teeth embedded in the bottom side were dragged over the grain by these animals. Hazael, like others gradually steeped in sin, thought it impossible, but did it. instead of the traditional point of view because of our westernization of the good news. The punishment is first denounced upon their enemies, and that, for their sins, directly or indirectly, against themselves, and God in them. It shall be for the sojourner, the fatherless, and the widow, that theLordyour God may bless you in all the work of your hands., Deuteronomy 22:9 You shall not sow your vineyard with two kinds of seed, lest the whole yield be forfeited, the crop that you have sown and the yield of the vineyard.Deuteronomy 28:1-68 And if you faithfully obey the voice of theLordyour God, being careful to do all his commandments that I command you today, theLordyour God will set you high above all the nations of the earth. Amos 1:3 - Thus says the Lord: "For three transgressions of Damascus, and for four, I will not revoke the punishment, because they have threshed Gilead with threshing sledges of iron." Leviticus 19:9-10 - " When you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not reap your field right up to its edge, neither shall you gather the . So in other places, where the like form of words occurs, the added number is one beyond, and mostly relates to something greater than all the rest. Amos condemns violent aggression (perhaps even torture and wanton killing), enslavement of populations, and the slave trade. Immediately, it was bounded by the three lakes which receive the surplus of the waters which enrich it. Agriculture is the broad term for everything that goes into growing crops and raising animals, to provide food and materials that people can use and enjoy. And great crowds gathered about him, so that he got into a boat and sat down. The community or people to which Amos refers is Judah. No wonder Jesus talked so much about farming. It is mentioned in the Proverbs, as a capital punishment Proverbs 20:26; and is alluded to as such by Isaiah Isaiah 28:28. To report dead links, typos, or html errors or suggestions about making these resources more useful use the convenient, for three transgressions of Damascus, and for four, I will not turn away, because they have threshed Gilead with threshing instruments of iron, I will not turn away the punishment thereof -, Because they have threshed Gilead with threshing instruments of iron -, For three transgressions of Damascus, and for four -, , . Gilead is here doubtless to be taken in its widest sense, including all the possessions of Israel, east of Jordan, as, in the account of Hazaels conquests, all the land of Gilead 2 Kings 10:32-33 is explained to mean, all which was ever given to the two tribes and a half, and to include Gilead proper, as distinct from Basan. 3. A man . What was the significance of the horns of the altar (Amos 3:14)? Whom hate devoured, and fraud, hard pressing on, And so the ancient oracle quoted by Pausanias Achaic., lib. In this second volume on the Minor Prophets, Dr. Bailey discusses the books of Joel to Zephaniah. When theLordrestored the fortunes of Zion, we were like those who dream. It was rich in pasture (Numbers 32:1) and famous for its balm (Jeremiah 8:22). His mothers name was Zibiah of Beersheba. perhaps more (cf. The identification of the sin becomes the key element of the oracle itself with its subsequent consequence. 4 So I will send a fire on the house of Hazael, and it shall devour the strongholds of Ben-hadad. And this is the manner of the release: every creditor shall release what he has lent to his neighbor. 12:19; 2 Kgs. De Dieu refers it to the earthquake before mentioned, that God would not turn away that, but cause it to come, as he had foretold, for the transgressions of these, and other nations after spoken of; but rather it refers to Damascus; and so some render it, "I will not turn", or "convert it"; to repentance, and so to my mercy; but leave it in its sins, and to my just judgments. It was at that time probably a subordinate power, whether on the ground of the personal eminence of Hadadezer king of Zobah, or any other. Cite this page: Editor: Stephen Smith. Because she threshed Gilead with sledges having iron teeth, 4 I will send fire on the house of Hazael that will consume the fortresses of Ben-Hadad. . Seldom, said pagan experience, hath punishment with lingering foot parted with the miscreant, advancing before.. He who plants and he who waters are one, and each will receive his wages according to his labor. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. as the Targum; this country lay beyond Jordan, and was inhabited by the Reubenites and Gadites and the half tribe of Manasseh; who were used in a very cruel manner, by Hazael king of Syria, as was foretold by Elisha, 2 Kings 7:12; not literally, as in 2 Samuel 12:31; but by him they were beat, oppressed, and crushed, as the grain of the threshingfloor; which used to be threshed out by means of a wooden instrument stuck with iron teeth, the top of which was filled with stones to press it down, and so drawn to and fro over the sheaves of corn, by which means it was beaten out, to which the allusion is here; See Gill on 1 Corinthians 9:9. Blog, A What does man gain by all the toil at which he toils under the sun? - Iron teeth (1:3): "Iron teeth" were part of a threshing sledge, a farming implement drawn over grain to thresh it and cut the stalks. The LORD was the one who gave His words to His prophet. f tribe of Manasseh returned to go into the country of Gilead, to the land of their possessions Joshua 22:9. 3 Thus says the Lord: "For three transgressions of Damascus, and for four, I will not revoke the punishment, Hebrew I will not . Will the sun really be turned to darkness and the moon to blood (Joel 2:31). It was not tempted to set itself against believing them. , Ruth 2:7 She said, Please let me glean and gather among the sheaves after the reapers. So she came, and she has continued from early morning until now, except for a short rest.1 Chronicles 4:10-41 Jabez called upon the God of Israel, saying, Oh that you would bless me and enlarge my border, and that your hand might be with me, and that you would keep me from harm so that it might not bring me pain! And God granted what he asked. Farming takes time. Then, as to those enemies themselves, the order is not of place or time, but of their relation to Gods people. Their commercial interests included the slave trade, even selling Judeans to Greeks far from their homeland (Joel 3:6). Like the other names connected with Aram in the Old Testament, it is, in conformity with the common descent from Aram, Aramaic. Does a lion roar in the forest, when he has no prey? The name of his servant Eliezer my God is help, implies that at this time too the servant was a worshiper of the One God. This was apparently a common practice in that region (cf. It had then doubtless, beside the population of its plain, large nomadic hordes dependent upon it. .--Rather, will not turn it back--i.e., the sore judgment I have purposed. For each oracle, Amos confirmed his prophetic call with the statement Thus says the LORD (Am. Threshing-sledges with iron (or basalt) are large boards (73 feet usually) pulled by oxen to separate the grain from the chaff. The fact that his chief and confidential servant whom he entrusted to seek a wife for Isaac, and who was, at one time, his heir, was a Damascene Genesis 15:2-3, implies some intimate connection of Abraham with Damascus. "They have threshed Gilead with threshing sledges of iron." Gilead was a part of Israel on the eastern side of the Jordan river. The sun rises, and the sun goes down, and hastens to the place where it rises. It shall be a year of solemn rest for the land. The consequences, however, are essentially the samefire will burn destroy the cities/citadels (1:7, 10, 12). The city of Damascus was called under judgment because that nation "threshed Gilead with implements of iron" (Amos 1:3) or behaved with unnecessary cruelty against a conquered . The covenant of brothers probably refers to a treaty between nations whether imposed (as upon a vassal) or negotiated. 3 Thus says Yahweh, "For three transgressions of Damascus and for four I will not revoke the punishment, because they threshed Gilead with threshing sledges of iron! In this case, God Himself is making the judgement. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2023 John Mark Hicks. Specially shod animals walked around on the stalks until the grain separated from the hulls. C On a daily basis, relationships have to be enhanced. A busy threshing floor was a symbol of a plentiful harvest; a bare one indicated famine, and perhaps God's judgment. We have detected that you are using extensions to block ads. On the west and north the city was far and wide fenced by orchards, like thick dense woods, which stretched four or live miles toward Libanus. God promised to make His people into a new threshing sledge with sharp teeth and use them to bring judgment on those who oppress the godly (Is. Seeking the Gospel in Malachi, the Last Book of the Old Testament. Again, give a portion to seven, and also to eight Ecclesiastes 11:2. Gaza represents the alliance of Philistine citiesAshdod, Ashkelon, and Ekron [Gath is not named here]in southwestern Palestine. The area has been calculated at 236 square geographical miles. God authorized human government in Genesis, where He said, Whoever sheds mans blood, by man his blood shall be shed, forin the image of God He made man (Genesis 9:6). Conclusion: The Lord God has spoken (not always present). But although the fourth drew down His judgment, God, at the last, punishes not the last sin only, but all which went before. It is still the capital of modern Syria today. Elisha had foretold to Hazael his cruelty to Israel; Their strong holds thou wilt set on fire, and their young men wilt thou slay with the sword, and wilt dash their children, and rip up their women with child 2 Kings 8:12. The Barada (the cold) having joined the Fijeh, (the traditional Pharpar, a name which well designates its tumultuous course ), runs on the north of, and through the city, and then chiefly into the central of the three lakes, the Bahret-el-kibliyeh, (the south lake;) thence, it is supposed, but in part also directly, into the Bahret-esh-Shurkiyeh (the east lake ). Fewer and fewer of us grew up on farms, and thus, we miss a lot of subtle points Jesus is making in some of His stories. Nevertheless, among those that chew the cud or part the hoof, you shall not eat these: The camel, because it chews the cud but does not part the hoof, is unclean to you. Look, I tell you, lift up your eyes, and see that the fields are white for harvest.Job 1:14 And there came a messenger to Job and said, The oxen were plowing and the donkeys feeding beside them,1 Corinthians 15:38-39 But God gives it a body as he has chosen, and to each kind of seed its own body. All these nations fall under the divine judgment because each has committed offenses against the holy God. So Seneca in Hippolyt., Act. Copyright 2023, Bible Study Tools. They sent them into captivity (or exile). Those who sow in tears shall reap with shouts of joy! When He no longer withholds it, the law of His moral government holds its course. The region known as Gilead, the Transjordan area of Israel, was claimed by Damascus as well as Ammon. If you go into your neighbors standing grain, you may pluck the ears with your hand, but you shall not put a sickle to your neighbors standing grain., Micah 4:12 But they do not know the thoughts of theLord; they do not understand his plan, that he has gathered them as sheaves to the threshing floor.Amos 1:3 Thus says theLord: For three transgressions of Damascus, and for four, I will not revoke the punishment, because they have threshed Gilead with threshing sledges of iron.Leviticus 19:9-10 When you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not reap your field right up to its edge, neither shall you gather the gleanings after your harvest. Benhadad at once broke his league with Baasha at the request of Asa in his later mistrustful days 1 Chronicles 16:2-7, and turned against Baasha (1 Chronicles 16:2-7 and 1 Kings 15:20). 2 Kings 8:12 And Hazael said, Why weepeth my lord? The amount of rain, the cool of the nights, the warmth of the days, soil conditions, insects, and many others. And he said, The LORD will roar from Zion, and utter his voice from Jerusalem; and the habitations of the shepherds shall mourn, and the top of Carmel shall wither. VERSION, NIV Copyright 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica. Please support us by disabling these ads blocker. TopicalBible Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers, Keil and Delitzsch Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament. They reach nearly to Anti-libanus westward, and extend on both sides of the Barada some miles eastward. Throughout that whole beautiful tract, including 2 12 degrees of latitude, Hazael had carried on his war of extermination into every peaceful village and home, sparing neither the living nor the unborn. International ethics are important to Amos. 1:1). And God saw that it was good. I am enjoying the study and appreciate your effort and willingness to share. With a small company of men he defeated a large army of Judah 2 Chronicles 24:23-24. God authorized human government in Genesis, where He said, "Whoever sheds man's blood, by man his blood . The authority of Aram will end here as well. Today, more and more people are moving away from rural areas where farming is highly practiced and into cities characterized by industrialization. It is possible that Syrians ran over peoplemen, women, and childrenwith these boards. Unless otherwise indicated, all content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. So the handmaid which displaceth her mistress Proverbs 30:21-23 is more intolerable and overbearing than the others. Z. I can do all things through him who strengthens me. The rule then is; give without bounds; when that whole is fulfilled, still give. Again in that series of sayings in the book of Proverbs Proverbs 30:15-16. Yahweh says, according to Amos, the he will not revoke the punishment such sins deserve. Thus says the Lord: "For three transgressions of Damascus, and for four, I will not revoke the punishment, because they have threshed Gilead with threshing sledges of iron. Isaiah 17:1 The burden of Damascus. Are you seeking him? They enslaved local populationsprobably those located in the lowlands or Shephelah of Judah among others. And great crowds gathered about him, so that he got into a boat and sat down. Frequently threshing sledges (28:27) made of wood (2 Sam. 1 Kings 19:17 And it shall come to pass, that him that escapeth the sword of Hazael shall Jehu slay: and him that escapeth from the sword of Jehu shall Elisha slay. Grain is threshed with farming instruments, which back then might include a heavy board, studded with sharp metal used to pull over the grain to separate it from the husk. Amos 1:3 Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Damascus, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they have threshed Gilead with threshing instruments of iron: : Strong's LIT Online Bible Project with threshing sledges of iron. : the drag (or board), under the same name rtz (properly something sharpened) which it has in Amos 1:3, in Isaiah 28:27, "For not with a sharp threshing-board is Nigella-seed [Tristram, N. H. B. p. 444] trodden out; nor is the wheel of a (threshing-) wagon turned about upon cummin," Job 41: . , Deuteronomy 11:1-32 You shall therefore love theLordyour God and keep his charge, his statutes, his rules, and his commandments always. . 3 Thus says the Lord: For three transgressions of Damascus, and for four, I will not revoke the punishment, [] because they have threshed Gilead with threshing sledges of iron. Solomon gave this to Hiram year by year.1 Corinthians 3:6-9 I planted, Apollos watered, but God gave the growth. And you shall eat your bread to the full and dwell in your land securely., Isaiah 29:17 Is it not yet a very little while until Lebanon shall be turned into a fruitful field, and the fruitful field shall be regarded as a forest?Deuteronomy 22:9-10 You shall not sow your vineyard with two kinds of seed, lest the whole yield be forfeited, the crop that you have sown and the yield of the vineyard. Sin and punishment are by a great law of God bound together. Change but the name, the tale is told of thee, was a pagan saying which has almost passed into a proverb. If God is for us, who can be against us? Other seeds fell on rocky ground, where they did not have much soil, and immediately they sprang up, since they had no depth of soil, , Psalm 104:14 You cause the grass to grow for the livestock and plants for man to cultivate, that he may bring forth food from the earthLeviticus 19:19 You shall keep my statutes. Then follow Edom, Ammon, Moab, who burst the bonds of blood also. Israel and Tyre had cooperated with each other from the time of David and Solomon, and that cooperation or treaty-relationship probably continued throughout the existence of the northern kingdom. For six years you shall sow your field, and for six years you shall prune your vineyard and gather in its fruits, but in the seventh year there shall be a Sabbath of solemn rest for the land, a Sabbath to theLord. This handy resource allows the reader to quickly summarize or review all the pertinent details about any Old Testament book. And consider today (since I am not speaking to your children who have not known or seen it), consider the discipline of theLordyour God, his greatness, his mighty hand and his outstretched arm, his signs and his deeds that he did in Egypt to Pharaoh the king of Egypt and to all his land, and what he did to the army of Egypt, to their horses and to their chariots, how he made the water of the Red Sea flow over them as they pursued after you, and how theLordhas destroyed them to this day, and what he did to you in the wilderness, until you came to this place, , 1 Chronicles 4:38-41 These mentioned by name were princes in their clans, and their fathers houses increased greatly. I didnt know that thrashing tools might have been used in torturing people. threshedReverso Context-: Rock threshing floors: seeds were threshed there with the help of animals. Taught by the face of creation around them, where the course of every tiny rivulet, as it burst from the rocks, was marked by a rich luxuriance, the Damascenes of old availed themselves of the continual supply from the snows of Hermon or the heights of Anti-libanus, with a systematic diligence, of which, in our northern clime, as we have no need, so we have no idea. The unexamined field soon becomes unusable. These orchards are a most exceeding defense; for from the density of the trees and the narrowness of the ways, it seemed difficult and almost impossible to approach the city on that side. Even to this day it is said, The true defense of Damascus consists in its gardens, which, forming a forest of fruit-trees and a labyrinth of hedges, walls and ditches, for more than 7 leagues in circumference, would present no small impediment to a Mussulman enemy.. 70413 lego - Der TOP-Favorit unserer Produkttester. In similar fashion, Damascus had threshed Gilead with their instruments of war. If this promise was fulfilled, Ramoth-Gilead must have been lost to Syria at an earlier period, since, three years afterward, Ahab perished in an attempt, by aid of Jehoshaphat, against the counsels of God, to recover it 2 Kings 7:6. Abijam was in league with the father of Benhadad 1 Kings 15:19. There Elisha announces the coming death of Ben-hadad but weeps over the future that Hazael will bring to Israel. The bar would secure the gate or the door to prevent outsiders from entering to hurt the residents of the city. Thus saith the . Randall. The names Hazael and Ben-hadad, two kings of Aram, are also known from 2 Kings 8. And as he sowed, some seeds fell along the path, and the birds came and devoured them. john mark From Omri also Benhadad I took cities and extorted streets, probably a Damascus quarter, in Samaria itself 1 Kings 20:34. Hazael extended his conquests to Gath 2 Kings 12:17, intending probably to open a connecting line with Egypt. You shall not sow your field with two kinds of seed, nor shall you wear a garment of cloth made of two kinds of material.Genesis 1:1-31 In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth. v., ver. Because they have threshed Gilead with threshing instruments of iron - The instrument, Jerome relates here, was a sort of wain, rolling on iron wheels beneath, set with teeth; so that it both threshed out the grain and bruised the straw and cut it in pieces, as food for the cattle, for lack of hay. A similar instrument, called by nearly the same name, is still in use in Syria and Egypt. Here are the oxen for the burnt offering and the threshing sledges and the yokes of the oxen for the wood. Benhadad and Hazael encouraged only marauding expeditions against Israel during the 14 years of Ahaziah and Jehoram. On the words, O terque quaterque, Servius makes this remark, "Hoc est saepias; finitus numerous pro infinito." You shall not sow your field or prune your vineyard. With lifted hands and eyes invokes relief. The earth brought forth vegetation, plants yielding seed according to their own kinds, and trees bearing fruit in which is their seed, each according to its kind. What Does the Bible Say About Husbands and Wives? Thus said the LORD; For three transgressions of Damascus, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they have threshed Gilead with threshing instruments of iron: Amos 1:6,9,11,13 Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Gaza, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they carried away captive the whole captivity, to deliver them up to Edom: , Amos 2:1,4,6 Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Moab, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because he burned the bones of the king of Edom into lime: . Benhadad was, according to Assyrian inscriptions defeated thrice, Hazael twice, by Shalmanubar king of Assyria. Joel 2:24 speaks of that abundance as a sign of God's blessing if the people repent: "The threshing floors will be filled with grain. The city of Gilead was an Israelite region located on the eastern side of the Jordan River, just south of Damascus. Some believe that the Syrians used threshing tools with iron teeth to torture or kill prisoners, pregnant women and children. Israel is placed the last, because on it the destruction was to fall to the uttermost, and rest there. Both instruments are alluded to in the O.T. This is what the LORD says: 'The people of Damascus have sinned again and again, and I will not let them go unpunished! Hazael not only took from Israel all east of Jordan 2 Kings 10:32-33, but made the whole open country unsafe for the Israelites to dwell in. See the passionate exclamation of Ulysses, in the storm, Odyss., lib. Job 5:19 He shall deliver thee in six troubles: yea, in seven there shall no evil touch thee. However, at some point, Tyrelike Philistia in the southbetrayed this treaty relationship and enslaved whole Israelite communities. Are you not of more value than they?Isaiah 28:27 Dill is not threshed with a threshing sledge, nor is a cart wheel rolled over cumin, but dill is beaten out with a stick, and cumin with a rod.Matthew 13:23 As for what was sown on good soil, this is the one who hears the word and understands it. Other poets use the same form of expression. 1 Samuel 27:8-12). These quotations are sufficient to show that this form of speech is neither unfrequent nor inelegant, being employed by the most correct writers of antiquity. So the Targum. You shall keep my Sabbaths and reverence my sanctuary: I am theLord. Benhadad II had thirty-two vassal kings 1 Kings 20:1, 1 Kings 20:24, (dependent kings like those of Canaan, each of his own city and little territory,) and led them against Samaria, intending to plunder it 1 Kings 20:6-7, and, on occasion of the plundering, probably to make it his own or to destroy it.