The important thing is that we maintain plausible deniability. But I do promise action. Nixon won nine of the thirteen state primaries held that season, although due to the population of his state, Governor Reagan won the popular vote while carrying only California. [75] He hired Roger Ailes, whom he had first encountered during an appearance on The Mike Douglas Show, to produce one hour television programs to advertise the campaign in strategic regions. [28] Immediately following his entrance, the media team prepared for an advertising campaign. WASHINGTON, Nov. 27 (AP) -- The theme of President-elect Richard M. Nixon's inauguration is being changed from "Bring Us Together" -- the slogan he adopted after seeing it on a sign at a campaign . Nixon won his first term only narrowly. Study Guides. 52 years ago, another Republican ran for the White House on a platform of law and order, but conditions in 2020 for Donald Trump don't line up with Richard Nixon's strategy in 1968. Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 - April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974.A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a representative and senator from California and was the 36th vice president from 1953 to 1961 under President Dwight D. Eisenhower.His five years in the White House saw reduction of U.S. involvement in the . And, learning from the social media savvy of Obama's campaign, the slogan is reduced to "MAGA," for use as a social media hashtag by the president and his supporters. Richard Nixon is that man. George W. Bush clinched a narrow victory over Vice President Al Gore in 2000, echoing his father's 1988 campaign with his "Compassionate Conservatism" slogan. Change was again the theme for the 1976 election, when Democrat Jimmy Carter took on Gerald Ford, who became president after the Watergate scandal forced Nixon's resignation. The Democrat resurgence under Clinton was proclaimed under the slogan "For People, For a Change. He went on to trounce Republican Thomas E. Dewey in the election. [60], On July 1, Nixon received the endorsement of Senator John G. Tower of Texas, handing him at least 40 delegates. ", But it was the unofficial slogan, initially first used by Clinton's advisers, that caught the imagination: "It's the economy, stupid.". It was used by former Allied Supreme Commander Dwight E. Eisenhower nicknamed "Ike" in his successful 1952 presidential campaign. [11] At this time he quietly began efforts to organize in Indiana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, Oregon, and Wisconsin, positioning to secure victories in those states' primaries the following year. Behind the scenes, Nixon staff lobbied for delegates from "favorite son" candidates,[54] resulting, in the backing of Senator Howard Baker of Tennessee, and his 28 pledged delegates, as well as those 58 delegates supporting Senator Charles Percy of Illinois. Al Smith, "Happy Days Are Here Again" 1932 slogan by Democratic presidential candidate, "We are turning the corner" 1932 campaign slogan in the depths of the, "Let's Get Another Deck" 1936 U.S. presidential campaign slogan of Alfred M. Landon, using a, "Let's Make It a Landon-Slide" 1936 U.S. presidential campaign slogan of Alfred M. Landon, "Life, Liberty, and Landon" 1936 U.S. presidential campaign slogan of Alfred M. Landon, "Remember Hoover!" Richard Nixon. Following nomination, Nixon held his hands in the air with his trademark "V" sign of victory, delivering an acceptance speech written over the preceding weeks. All rights reserved.For reprint rights. However his pledge at the 1988 Republican convention "Read my lips, no new taxes," came back to haunt him, with Democrat Bill Clinton hammering him about the broken pledge during the 1992 election. Among other things, he initiated wars on cancer and drugs, imposed wage and price controls, enforced desegregation of Southern schools and established the Environmental Protection Agency. Double entendres everywhere! [55] After the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, like the other candidates, Nixon took a break from campaigning. [111][112], While overseeing an initial escalation of American involvement in the Vietnam War, he subsequently ended U.S. involvement in 1973, and eliminated the draft. 1) He believes in creating even greater opportunities for the individual in a free enterprise system. [15], During the spring and summer, Nixon traveled to Eastern Europe[16] and Latin America[17] to bolster his foreign policy credentials. The candidate took on the protesters first-hand, and delivered his "forgotten American"[88] speech, declaring that election day would be "a day of protest for the forgotten American",[88] a group that included those that "obey the law, pay their taxes, go to church, send their children to school, love their country and demand new leadership. "Change We Can Believe In," was Barack Obama's slogan when he successfully campaigned to become America's first black president in 2008. "[71], Following the speech, Nixon formally selected Governor Spiro Agnew of Maryland as his running mate, who received 1119 delegate votes, with the distant second being Governor Romney with 186. The slogan has become a flashpoint in an America divided by Trump's policies, with some supporters sporting clothing emblazoned with MAGA slogans confronted in public by opponents of Trump. Country/Region: United States. In his speech, he remarked: Tonight I do not promise the millennium in the morning. . This left Nixon nearly unopposed for the upcoming primaries, narrowing his opponents to Nelson Rockefeller and Ronald Reagan, neither of whom had announced their candidacies. Following the election, the slogan "Bring Us Together", referencing a poster held by a 13-year-old girl at a rally during his campaign, was used as a basis for the theme of his inauguration, although it would later be seized by Democrats to attack later Nixon policies. Our country may be rich in goods, but we are poor in spirit. The Democrats nevertheless maintained control of the House and Senate, making Nixon the first President elected without his party winning either house of Congress since the nineteenth century. What was Obama's slogan? He entered every primary and assembled a team of media consultants who helped him create the image of a "New Nixon," more statesmanlike, less combative, more mature and presidential, an effort chronicled in "The Selling of the President 1968" by Joe McGinnis. [34] Nixon easily won the New Hampshire primary on March 12, pulling in 80% of the vote with a write-in campaign, while Rockefeller received 11%. The Watergate scandal, which would consume the greater part of his second term, resulted in his ultimate resignation on August 9, 1974.[117]. used by, "MATH - Make America Think Harder" used by, "Building Opportunity Together" used by, "Promises Made, Promises Kept" used by Trump's campaign, "Buy American, Hire American" used by Trump's campaign, "Make Our Farmers Great Again" used by Trump's campaign, "Build the Wall and Crime Will Fall" used by Trump's campaign, "Jobs, Not Mobs" used by Trump's campaign, "Leadership America Deserves" used by. [64] President Eisenhower endorsed Nixon in mid-July, breaking his tradition of waiting until after the primary, due to the election's importance. The. Riding high on an America's economic boom during his first four years in the White House, Reagan won a second term in 1984 under the slogan "It's Morning Again in America" broadcast into American households in an iconic campaign ad. But Reagan had never held public office and had to run for governor of California before he could be a credible presidential candidate. The continental liar from the state of Maine!" [50] Nixon won the primary in Nebraska, defeating the undeclared Reagan 71% to 22%. Outside the convention hall, Chicago police clashed with demonstrators, igniting riots. Benjamin Harrison, "Four more years of the full dinner pail" William McKinley, "Let Well Enough Alone" William McKinley, "National Unity. [20], By mid-September 1967, the Nixon campaign had organized headquarters in four states deemed critical to the Republican primaries. Clinton's campaign chief James Carville coined the phrase as a reminder for campaign staff to focus on selling Clinton as the candidate to haul America out of its early '90s recession. "[87] Nixon campaigned in San Francisco in front of 10,000 supporters, amidst an array of protests. Even observers speculated as to the President's possible favoring Nixon to Humphrey. [33] The Nixon campaign countered this claim stating that Romney's withdrawal was a "TKO"[33] at the hands of Nixon. Description. He established an early lead over the Democratic nominee, Senator George McGovern of South Dakota and never lost it. Wallace's third party candidacy stole votes from both of the major parties, but hurt the Democrats more; many Southern Democrats defected and Nixon was able to win some Southern electoral votes. "Nixon's the One!" campaign slogan . On the Sunday preceding the election, Nixon appeared on Meet the Press, explaining that he would cooperate completely with Johnson, phoning the President shortly thereafter to personally reassure him. George HW Bush successfully campaigned to keep the Republicans in the White House in 1988, with the slogan of a "Kinder, Gentler Nation," promising to soften the hard edges of Reagan's conservatism. When Henry Kissinger announced shortly before the election that he had resolved most major negotiating issues with North Vietnam and that therefore "Peace is at hand," it was only icing on the cake. Cleveland campaign attack on Blaine's alleged corruption in office. his supporters chanted as he swept to victory in a movement built on a message of youth, inclusion and optimism. Nixon hoped this move would increase his delegate strength and demonstrate his "ability to win". Four years later Bush successfully campaigned for a second term. Nixon pressed his advantages. His efforts to address the economic and. 4 Copy quote. The Republican nominee, Vice President Richard M. Nixon was 47-years-old, just four years older than Kennedy. He lost a close race to Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts, which many credited in part to his unhealthy appearance during the first televised debate. The tapes were sent to the swing states of Illinois, Michigan, and Ohio, giving Nixon the advantage of advertising long before the Democratic Party settled on a candidate. was a campaign slogan, commonly used on posters and bumper stickers the campaign to elect Richard Nixon as president in 1968. Obama's first campaign was the first to channel the political potential of newly emergent social media platforms. He did not connect crime to racial rioting, drawing praise from Civil Rights leaders. [101] In response, Nixon had employed operative Anna Chennault to tell the South Vietnamese that they could receive a better deal under Nixon. Richard M. Nixon was a three-time Republican Party presidential nominee. The largest came when he addressed the issue of crime, proclaiming that "there cannot be order in a free society without progress, and there cannot be progress without order. ", Donald Trump then a brash Manhattan businessman at the start of his career would 36 years later knock one word off the slogan to arrive at 2016's "Make America Great Again.". 2 minutes. Kennedy brother-in-law Sargent Shriver, an architect of John F. Kennedy's Peace Corps and Lyndon B. Johnson's War on Poverty, replaced Eagleton, but the damage was already done. [81] The President made it clear to Nixon that he did not want the war to be politicized, to which Nixon agreed, although questioning Humphrey's eventual compliance. [49] After that victory, Nixon campaigned in Nebraska where he criticized the three leading Democratic candidates as "three peas in a pod, prisoners of the policies of the past. ", But it was the unofficial slogan, initially first used by Clinton's advisers, that caught the imagination: "It's the economy, stupid.". At the convention, Richard Nixon won the nomination for president on the first ballot with 692 delegates. Political commentators speculated that the vacancy built "an element of instability" for the campaign. Economic power is not the same as strength of national character. Richard Nixon and John F. Kennedy in presidential debate American presidential election, 1960 Nixon received his party's presidential nomination and was opposed in the 1960 general election by Democrat John F. Kennedy. Nixon's victory came with a margin of less than three percent in California, Illinois, and Ohio; had Humphrey carried those three, Nixon would have lost the election. [18] The next week, five staff members were fired after private investigators determined that information had been leaked to the campaigns of potential primary rivals Governors Rockefeller and Reagan. [26] Later in January, Nixon embarked on a tour of Texas, where he lampooned President Johnson's State of the Union address, asking: "Can this nation afford to have four more years of Lyndon Johnson's policies that have failed at home and abroad? ", Four years later Obama pledged to build on the progress of his first term under another one-word slogan: "Forward. [58] The endorsement of Nixon by Senator Mark Hatfield of Oregon raised speculation that he might be chosen. "[41] The reality was that Nixon conspired to subvert the peace negotiations, thus violating the Logan Act, a felony. But Nixon was still smarting from the 1st defeat of his . "We are the ones we've been waiting for." [62] At this time, Nixon decided with a group of legislators that "crime and disorder" would be presented as the number one issue in the nation. 1726 Pennsylvania Ave., NW. Rockefeller described Nixon as a man "of the old politics" who has "great natural capacity not to do the right thing, especially under pressure. [61] With his nomination all but assured, Nixon's ad team began preparing for the general election. The Union decided to back Nixon over Wallace, labeling the third party candidate's beliefs as "Populist". "Peace, Experience, Prosperity" Richard Nixon's slogan showing his expertise over Kennedy. Times Syndication Service. A good presidential campaign slogan is memorable, meaningful, and appealing, according to Andrew Tejerina, marketer at Big Human, . List What exactly was Watergate? His campaign generated slogans for supporters to turn into shareable content, which was eventually boiled down to a one-word message: "Change. Nixon won most of the West and mid-West, but lost Texas and parts of the Northeast to Humphrey and lost the deep South to Wallace. (He also expressed outrage over claims by Nixon supporter and future Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird that Johnson had misled Nixon in briefings on the war in Vietnam.) Philosophy, Media, News. However, Johnson withdrew from the race before the primary, meanwhile Governor Reagan's name was on the ballot in Wisconsin, but he did not campaign in the state and was still not a declared candidate. Millions of unique designs by independent artists. Harry Truman (After a man shouted it during one of his whistle stop railroad tours), "I like Ike" 1952 U.S. presidential campaign slogan of, "Madly for Adlai" 1952 U.S. presidential campaign slogan of, "I still like Ike" 1956 U.S. presidential campaign slogan of Dwight D. Eisenhower, "Peace and Prosperity" 1956 U.S. presidential campaign slogan of Dwight D. Eisenhower, "A time for greatness 1960" U.S. presidential campaign theme of. Reagan moved to make the nomination unanimous. On this, the 100th birthday of Richard Nixon, the slogan from his first campaign for Congress is the salient fact: "One of us." His dreams were oursand so, in the end, were his sins. "[56] Nixon refused to respond to the jabs, stating that he would not participate in attacks. And Nixon's decision to bomb North Vietnam and mine Haiphong Harbor to stop a Communist offensive proved highly popular. "Advance Liberty" used by Arvin Vohra's campaign, "For an Ecosocialist Green New Deal" used by Howie Hawkins' campaign, This page was last edited on 22 February 2023, at 10:43. [104] After Humphrey's polling surge following the bombing halt, Nixon used this appearance to claim that he had just received "a very disturbing report",[103] which detailed that tons of supplies were being moved into South Vietnam by the North. But it was enough to earn him a second term in a landslide victory, as America stood as the world's only superpower at the end of the 20th century. Nixon edged Humphrey in the popular vote by a margin of 43.42% to 42.72%, with Wallace gaining 13.53%. Humphrey was buoyed when the North Vietnamese accepted President Johnson's proposal for peace talks in Paris in return for a bombing halt. Author and professor Robert Mann discusses the campaign ads that were shown and used in the 1968 presidential election for candidates Richard Nixon and Hubert Humphrey. There he iscirca August 1971: Richard Nixon. Advancement." [10] Nevertheless, polls suggested that he was the front-runner for the nomination. [6] This defeat was widely believed to be the end of his career;[7] in an impromptu concession speech the morning after the election, Nixon famously blamed the media for favoring his opponent, saying, "you won't have Nixon to kick around anymore because, gentlemen, this is my last press conference. What was George Washington campaign slogans? One commentator examined that he was not "the drawn, tired figure who debated Jack Kennedy or the angry politician who conceded his California [gubernatorial] defeat with such ill grace. [9], On January 7, 1967, Nixon held a secret meeting with his closest advisers to discuss a potential campaign, brainstorming strategies to obtain sufficient delegates to win the Republican nomination. [5], Nixon ran for Governor of California against incumbent Pat Brown, and was defeated handily, leading the media to label him as a "loser". When in 1966 Australian premier Harold Holt declared that Australia would be "all the way with LBJ" in Vietnam, he was derided as an an American lackey. "We are going to win this war and the peace that follows" 1944 campaign slogan in the midst of, "Win the war quicker with Dewey and Bricker" - 1944 campaign slogan during, "I'm just wild about Harry" 1948 U.S. presidential slogan of, "Pour it on 'em, Harry!" Nixon promised to end the Vietnam War. The tactic for choosing Eisenhower's 1956 re-election campaign slogan was to stick with what works: "I still Like Ike.". The White House initially learned of the Nixon machinations via a New York business contact and confirmed them via eavesdropping on the South Vietnamese embassy in Washington and South Vietnamese President Thieus office in Saigon. After Kennedy's assassination, Vice President Lyndon Baines Johnson was sworn into office. [25], Nixon entered 1968 as the front-runner for the Republican nomination. Frank Sinatra's special version of his song, the slogan "It's Morning Again in America. Richard M. Nixon. The Democrat resurgence under Clinton was proclaimed under the slogan "For People, For a Change. Thanks in part to an ill-timed blast from President Lyndon Johnson, who called Nixon a "chronic campaigner," the presidential hopeful found himself the center of attention right before an election in which Republicans made tremendous gains. In an America shaken by the 9/11 attacks he struck a more somber tone and pledged to build "A Safer World and a More Hopeful America.". The team organized a question and answer session with seven members of the New Hampshire Republican Party, taping Nixon's responses for editing and use in advertisements. While campaigning on a whistle stop tour of the country, a supporter yelled "Give em' hell, Harry!" Not surprisingly, as Ford tried to move away from the former . Top editors give you the stories you want delivered right to your inbox each weekday. Remarks at a Reception Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the League of Women Voters of the United States . Last edited on 14 February 2023, at 18:57, 1968 Republican Party presidential primaries, 1968 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection, Hubert Humphrey 1968 presidential campaign, "The Living Room Candidate - Commercials - 1968 - The First Civil Right", "Biden Had To Fight For The Presidential Nomination. In the end, Nixon won 301 electoral votes, with Humphrey receiving 191, and Wallace receiving 46. [94] It was also argued that Nixon opposition to debating was due to his experience during the 1960 encounter with John F. Kennedy, which many cited as a factor in his defeat. [29] He campaigned in the state, although polls suggested that he would easily win its primary. He pledged to end the war in Vietnam, but would not go into detail, drawing some criticism. [80] Shortly before the convention and throughout the general election, Nixon received regular briefings from President Johnson on developments in the Vietnam War. At the Chicago convention, antiwar forces were defeated by Johnson loyalists, who gave the nomination to Vice President Hubert Horatio Humphrey. While the campaign's official slogan was "I'm Just Wild About Harry" a reference to the lyrics of a popular 1921 song another more famed slogan associated with the 33rd president is "The Buck Stops Here," which Truman had written on a sign he kept on his desk. Important, Plausible, Important Things. He then dropped him from the ticket. He refused to debate Humphrey; he also raised and spent much more money than his opponent. Grover Cleveland, "Protection-Reciprocity-Honest Money." A possible scenario surfaced where Nixon's southern delegates would drop their support to back the more conservative Reagan. The tactic for choosing Eisenhower's 1956 re-election campaign slogan was to stick with what works: "I still Like Ike.". In response to Humphrey's calls for a face-to-face debate, Nixon remarked: "Before we can have a debate between Nixon and Humphrey, Humphrey's got to settle his debate with himself. Dtente bore fruit with the signing of the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty and a summit in Moscow. The results were very close, and not until early the following morning could news organizations call the election. Clinton offered vague promises during his 1996 campaign for re-election as the millennium approached, pledging to start "Building a Bridge to the 21st Century.". Robert Kennedy then entered the race, winning the California primary in June andon the same nightlosing his life to an assassin's bullet, adding to the grief of a nation still mourning the death of Martin Luther King two months earlier. "Don't swap horses in midstream" 1944 campaign slogan of Franklin Roosevelt. But before that, he was a representative and senator from California who went on to become the Vice President of the US from 1953 to 1961.. In an environment teeming with anger, violence, and hostility, Richard Nixon, Hubert Humphrey and George Wallace each sought the attention of American voters and the right to lead the United States into an unknown future. Goldwater would later remark that his party continued to believe that Nixon "can't be elected" due to his "loser" label. Only 43 percent of voters supported Nixon, hardly a mandate. [59] At the end of the month, Nixon had two-thirds of the required 667 delegates necessary to win the nomination. Washington, D.C [1] Slogan. [38] Nixon won the primary with 80%, followed by Reagan with 11% and Stassen with 6%. ", Donald Trump then a brash Manhattan businessman at the start of his career would 36 years later knock one word off the slogan to arrive at 2016's "Make America Great Again.". and "Change." Republican Ronald Reagan's slogan from his winning 1980 presidential campaign may seem familiar: "Let's Make America Great Again. All individuals are members or supporters of the Republican Party, unless otherwise stated. [83] In a visit to Chicago shortly after the Democratic convention, Nixon received a large welcome and ticker tape parade, with crowds estimated at several hundred thousand. Fan Feed [51] At the following primary in Oregon, Reagan seemed more willing to compete with Nixon, and Rockefeller sat out,[52] but Nixon won with 72%, fifty points ahead of Reagan. A Madison Avenue advertising executive persuaded Eisenhower to abandon lengthy campaign speeches for a punchy 30-second campaign ad on primetime. But in 1972 he won a landslide re-election with the slogan "Now, More Than Ever." He painted his opponent, Democrat George McGovern, as a threat to. "[30] He used those dictatorships in Latin America as an example, stating: "I am talking not about marching feet but helping hands. Cleveland supporters' attack on Blaine's supposed corruption, quoting a line from. They advised him to soften his stance on the war, and encouraged him to shift his focus from foreign affairs to domestic policy to avoid the divisive war issue. The exhibition was showcasing American art, fashion, cars, model homes,. Publicly, Nixon supported the bombing halt and the negotiations; privately, however, his campaign urged South Vietnam's government to refuse to take part in the talks. [40] At the end of April, Nixon called for a moratorium on criticism of the Johnson policy in Vietnam as negotiations were underway: "The one man who can do anything about peace is Lyndon Johnson, and I'm not going to do anything to undercut him. Is there any evidence that pins sporting the slogan "They Can't Lick our Dick" were in use for the 1972 presidential election, or have they been produced after the fact? "Change We Can Believe In." [46] Immediately following his entrance, he defeated Nixon in the Massachusetts primary 30% to 26%. Political slogans are often derided but if you want to be President of the United States, you'd better have a good one. Richard Nixon 1968 Button US Presidential Candidate Collectibles, Richard M. Nixon 1969-74 Term in Office US President & First Lady Collectibles, However perhaps more famous is Frank Sinatra's special version of his song "High Hopes", which he recorded for the candidate with the new lyrics. He spent six years shaking it before he could win the 1968 Republican presidential nomination. "Blaine, Blaine, James G. Blaine! It looked like the end of conservatism, the triumph of liberalism. [70] Nixon also discussed economics, articulating his opposition to social welfare, advocating programs designed to help African Americans start their own small businesses. About the campaign for governor of California ran by future President Richard M. Nixon, his loss and famous words. However perhaps more famous is Frank Sinatra's special version of his song "High Hopes", which he recorded for the candidate with the new lyrics. The slogan has become a flashpoint in an America divided by Trump's policies, with some supporters sporting clothing emblazoned with MAGA slogans confronted in public by opponents of Trump. "I like Ike," is one of the most celebrated political slogans in US history. It was July 24th, 1959 when the then Vice President Richard Nixon visited the American national exhibition in Moscow. Answering the nation's need, Carter's slogan was "A Leader, For A Change."Nine other Democrats were seeking the nomination in 1976, most of them better known than Carter. "[36] Reports suggested that the decision caused "Nixon's political stock [to] skyrocket. [73] It was later noted that the convention had featured Nixon as the centrist candidate with Rockefeller to his left and Reagan to his right. It featured cartoon elephants drumming a beat to the the catchy campaign slogan. end the war in Vietnam. I don't promise that we can eradicate poverty and end discrimination in the space of four or even eight years. Richard Nixon had a family dog named Checkers, pictured here Credit: Getty - Contributor Who was Richard Nixon? List of U.S. presidential campaign slogans, Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of United States political catchphrases, "The Quick 10: 10 Campaign Slogans of the Past", "Posters and Election Propaganda: "America First" Communication Management and Design Ithaca College", "One Hundred Years Ago, Eugene Debs Gave An Anti-War Speech That Landed Him in Prison", "1964 redux: The stakes are too high for you to stay at home", "The Genius of McGovern's 'Come Home, America' Vision", "Will Rabbe, Producer, Journalist & Historian Blog Most Underrated Political Slogan: "They Can't Lick Our Dick", "How Donald Trump came up with 'Make America Great Again', "Undecided: Hillary keeps shifting slogans", "McCain's Slogan: "Reform, Prosperity and Peace", "Hollywood double takes: Actors who take on famous faces - NY Daily News", "Jeb comes to South Florida, sans exclamation mark", "Jeb Bush, the 'joyful tortoise,' gives out tiny toy turtles on trail", "2016 Presidential Campaign Slogan Survey", "Rand Paul unveils populist, anti-establishment slogan", "Huckabee's Hope is From "Tree Town" to Higher Ground", "Campaign 2016: Carly Fiorina, GOP Presidential Candidate", "Michelle Obama: 'When they go low, we go high', Unsuccessful major party presidential candidates, Unsuccessful major party vice presidential candidates, elections in which the winner lost the popular vote, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_U.S._presidential_campaign_slogans&oldid=1140907281, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles lacking in-text citations from September 2022, Articles with failed verification from March 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, "Reannexation of Texas and Reoccupation of Oregon", "Hurrah!